Temperature, Ideal Gases, Thermodynamics

Absolute Zero

Temperature at which atoms have minimum energy

Internal Energy

Sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies of all molecules in a system

Thermal Energy

Energy transferred from one object to another because of a temp difference

Temperature

Measure of average kinetic energy of particles, shows direction of heat flow between 2 bodies in contact

Thermal Equilibrium

When 2 or more objects in contact have the same temperature so there is no net thermal energy transferred between

Thermocouple

Device that has 2 wires connected to 2 diff metals, produces E.M.F when there is a temperature change

Absolute Scale/Thermodynamic

Temperature scale that does not depend on the property of any substance

Specific Heat Capacity

Energy required per unit mass per unit temperature to increase the temp of a substance by 1K or 1 degree celcius

Specific latent heat

Energy required per unit mass of a substance to change in state without changing its temp

Specific latent heat of fusion

Energy required per unit mass for a substance to change from solid to liquid without a change in temp

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

Energy per unit mass for a substance to change from liquid to gas without a change in temp

Ideal Gas

Gas that obeys the ideal gas law PV proportional to T

State what P,V,T means, and for all values

Mole

Amount of substance containing the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 g of a carbon-12

Avogadro Constant

Number of particles per unit amount of substance

Kinetic model of gas pressure

Molecules collide with walls of the container, resulting in a change of momentum of each particle and hence a force on the wall. Collisions from molecules produce pressure in the container

Kinetic Theory

Moluecules are in random motion

Collisions between wall and molcules are elastic

Intermolecular forces act only during collisions

Durations of collisions is negligible compared to the time between collisions

Volume of molecules are negligible compared to volume of container

1st Law of Thermodynamics

The increase in internal energy of a body equals the thermal energy transferred to it by heating and the work done on it