Aubf seminar

Cortical

reabsorption of nutrients and removal of waste products

Juxtamedullary

responsible for renal concentration

Hematuria

Red urine and cloudy

Either hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria

Red urine and clear

Hemoglobinuria/myglobinuria

- uniform

- yellow → green to blue-green

Hematuria

- Speckled

- yellow → yellow with green speckled pattern

Bilirubin

- White → pink/violet or tan

- A medical technologist should know what color change should the reaction expect based on the diagnoses of the patient.

- Light affects the color reaction in the strip.

● Other Disorders:

○ Leptospirosis

○ Hemolytic anemia and transfusion reactions

Urobilinogen

- Increased ____________ = Liver disease and hemolytic disorders

- Correlations with bilirubin tests

- Pink red (positive)

- Not all patients with urobilinogen reactions react with bilirubin.

- can stand alone but it is still necessary to correlate the findings to that of bilirubin.

- Other Disorders:

○ Pregnancy - fetal child compresses the patient's liver

○ Dengue among pediatric patients

Ketones

- purple/violet

Albumin

- yellow → blue-green

Nitrite

- Different shades of pink (positive)

- Reporting is only positive or negative.

- is important in the detection of urinary tract infection and screening of urine bacterial culture specimens.

Glucose

- Blue → green to brown

- is one of the stable analytes that react on the reagent pad.

pH

- Orange (acidic) → blue (alkaline)

Specific gravity

- Blue (low specific gravity) → yellow (high specific gravity)

- for the presence of solutes in the sample and greatly affects the

transparency of the urine.

- A low H+ concentration increases the pH and causes an alkaline reaction and vice

versa.

- Clinical Significance

○ Loss of renal tubular concentration ability - affects juxtamedullary nephrons

○ Diabetes insipidus - causes alkaline pH

2H+ + bromothymol blue

Blue-green alkaline pH

6H+ + bromothymol blue

Yellow-green acid pH

Leukocytes

- Correlations with protein, nitrite, and microscopic analysis

- Common interferences for false negative: Inaccurate timing

- Common Diagnosis Encountered

● Urinary tract infection

● Nephrotic syndrome

● Diabetic nephropathy