Medical Terminology Exam 3

the term goiter means:

enlargement of the thyroid gland

how is goiter detected?

detected by inspection, palpation, or imaging

the symptoms of goiter are:

choking, cough, dyspnea/stridor, dysphagia, hoarseness

the most common cause of goiter is:

iodine deficiency (endemic)

the prefix eu- means:

good, normal

the prefix sub- means: (subpar)

below, under, beneath

the prefix retro- means:

behind, backward

the root sterno means:

sternum

dys means:

bad, difficult, pain, abnormal

phag/o means:

eating, ingesting

-phagia means:

swallowing/eating

-ia means:

state or condition (often pathological)

the best treatment option for toxic goiters is:

radioiodine therapy

goiters can be associated with:

euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, & hyperthyroidism

diabetes

the body has high blood sugar because it either doesn't produce enough insulin, or can't effectively use it

hypothyroidism

condition of low thyroid function

hyperthyroidism

condition of overactive or large thyroid

polycystic ovarian syndrome

a hormonal disorder that affects women; characterized by irregular or absent menstrual periods, excess male hormones (androgens), cysts on the ovaries, and insulin resistance

osteoporosis

disease resulting in an abnormal number of holes in bone

cushing syndrome

a disorder caused by excessive production or administration of glucocorticoid hormones

addison's disease

endocrine disorder where the adrenal glands fail to produce sufficient amounts of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone

hormone

a chemical that travels around the bloodstream giving messages to different parts of the body

growth hormone deficiency is more common in:

boys

children with growth hormone deficiency have:

proportional body and facial features as well as normal intelligences

injections of growth hormone tend to be in the:

stomach, thighs, and buttocks

the doctor who supervises growth hormone treatment is called a:

pediatric endocrinologist

rare side effects of growth hormone treatment are:

headaches, vomiting, problems with eyesight

CSII

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

hyperglycemia

increased level of sugar in the blood

hyponatremia

insufficient sodium in the blood

hyperkalemia

excess potassium in the blood

DKA

diabetic ketoacidosis

insulin

lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating cells to take in glucose

gluconeogenesis

process by which new glucose molecules are made inside the body

glycogenolysis

breakdown of glycogen

pH

potential of hydrogen - a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, expressed on a scale of 0 to 14

in an autoimmune response, what is the immune system attacking?

the body's own cells

people with Hashimoto disease are typically:

hypothyroid

symptoms of a hyperthyroidism include:

fast resting heart rate, palpitations, jitters, sleeplessness

symptoms of a hypothyroidism include:

fatigue, constipation, dry skin, changes in hair and nails

which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

cancer

substernal

situated or perceived behind or below the sternum

retrosternal

situated or occurring behind the sternum

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

pseudo–

false, lying

aden/o

gland

dips

drinking

drome

to run

adren/o

adrenal gland (on top of the kidney)

corticosteroids

hormones released from the adrenal cortex

glucocorticoids

affects the body's metabolism of sugar

crine

secretion

-genic

giving rise to

thyrotoxic

excessive thyroid hormone levels in the bloodstream

T3 and T4 are abbreviations for:

thyroid hormones

hyper-pituitar-ism

condition of enlarged or overactive pituitary glands

hyper-calc-emia

increased level of calcium in the blood

pancreat-ectomy

surgical removal of the pancreas

pancreat-itis

inflammation of the pancreas

hyper-lipid-emia

increased level of fats in the blood

adrenal-itis

inflammation of the adrenal gland

hypo-kal-emia

decreased level of potassium in the blood

acro

high

-megaly

enlargement due to disease

con–

together, with

endo–

inside

epi–

on top of

pan– (panorama)

all; everything or everyone

para–

beside, near

per– (percutaneous)

through; by means of

pro– (prolapse)

in front of; in favor of

syn–

with, together

acid

presence of hydrogen ions

agon (antagonize)

driver of an action (Greek "contestant")

ald[ehyde] + o

chemical group

alkal/i

absence of hydrogen ions

angio

vessel

bol/o (as in anabolism, catabolism, metabolism)

throw

carcin

cancer

catechol

chemical group

chole

bile

cortic/o

adrenal cortex (the outside of the adrenal gland)

diabet

polydipsia & polyuria; Greek "go through"

fus (infusion)

pouring into

galacto

milk

genit

reproduction; birth

glycogen

sugar molecules assembled into larger structure

gonad/o

sex organs

grade

movement

hirsute

hairy

infundi

stalk of the pituitary gland

ket/o/n

chemical group

laparo

flank, loin

lith

stone

men

monthly

mineralo

pertaining to sodium or potassium

neo

new

ophthalmos

the eye

parathyroid

a gland next to (behind) the thyroid gland

permiss

allowing to pass through