CRST290 - Final Exam

worldwide recolonization "be fruitful & multiply"

What does the Bible tell us in Genesis 8:15-17

bara = create & min = kind

What does baraminology mean?

Dr. Frank L Marsh

Who introduced baraminology?

1941

When was baraminology introduced?

1. recognizes continuity within groups
2. and separation between groups

How does a creationist approach discovering groups?

according to kinds

How did God make life during Creation Week?

family

Which biological level does kind fit into?

two

How many of every kind was put on the ark?

repopulate the world

What do the animals do after the flood is over?

they tend to be larger

What is the difference between Ice Age species compared to other members of their kind?

they tended to be small

What were the animals like when they boarded the ark?

noticed that during the post-Flood period many mammal groups showed larger species over time

What is Cope's Rule?

an american paleontologist in 1800s

Who is Cope?

a German biologist in 1800s

Who is Bergmann?

noticed species in cold environments were larger than those of same group in warmer environments

What is Bermann's Rule?

why groups in cold environments over time got bigger leading up to the Ice Age

What does Bergmann's Rule explain?

1. lower food requirements
2. slower metabolism
3. easier thermoregulation
4. better protected from predators

What are the advantages of being big?

a late post-Flood event where continental glaciers covered large portions of --
1. N America
2. Greenland
3. N Europe & Asia
4. Antarctica

What is the Ice Age?

1. after the flood warm ocean waters resulted in high rates of precipitation
2. post-Flood volcanic eruptions cooled the atmosphere
3. most snow fell in continental interiors & polar areas leading to a buildup of glaciers

How did the Ice Age happen?

downhill -- gravity pushes the ice mass forward

How do glaciers always flow?

the terminus -- leading edge

Where does melting happen?

sea level fell -- about 400 feet compared to today

What happened as glaciers grew on the continents?

coastlines expanded

What happened as global sea level fell?

Benngia

What is the major corridor between Asia & N america called?

1. massive glaciers persist in Greenland & Antarctica
2. Global temperatures are cooler than the pre-Flood or early post-Flood world
3. Climate is much more stable now than during the post-Flood world

What are evidences that we still exist in the ice age today?

1. How does Genesis 1-3 relate to history?
2. Were Adam & Eve real individuals?

What are the 2 main questions about being made in God's image?

- Adam was made of dust of earth directly by God & Eve was made from Adam's rib
- occurred in Garden 6000-10,000 yrs ago
- actual test & failure
- all humans descended from Adam & Eve
- no pre Adam people

How does a YEC address human origins?

- Adam was made of dust of earth directly by God & Eve from Adam's rib
- occurred in Garden 100,000 yrs ago
- actual test & failure
- all humans descended from Adam & Eve
- no pre Adam people & human like species who did not have souls

How does an OEC address human origins?

- God used evolutionary process to bring forth homo sapiens from pre existing species that had no souls
- God imparts his image on mankind & disobedience is counted against us as sin
- Adam & Eve are not historical
- all humans do not come from two parents

How do Evolutionary Creation / Theistic Evolution approach human origins?

- humans evolved from other species over past 3-4 million yrs
- Adam & Eve are ancient mythological characters
- sin is a human construct concerning acceptable behaviors in society
- humans do not possess an Image of God or a soul

How do Naturalistic Evolutionists approach human origin?

- genre of Gen 1-3 reads as a historical narrative
- adam & eve are written as single individuals
- Gen 4-5 contain details of Adam's life
- Adam is affirmed elsewhere in the OT
- themes in Gen 1-11 are common in OT
- Adam's role in NT theology is much bigger
- abandoning Adam as historical brings HUGE theological problems

Why are historical views preferred?

- Humans don't come from one man
- sin is poorly defined if at all
- Jesus' genealogy is wrong
- NT arguments for Jesus' atonement is wrong

What theological occurs if Adam is not a historical individual?

- Luke 3: genealogy of Jesus
- Acts 17: Paul's sermon at Mars Hill
- Romans 5: Adam's sin & Jesus' righteousness
- 1 Corinthians 15: Adam's death & Jesus' resurrection

What are important passages dealing with Adam?

- 1st Chronicles 1:1
- Job 31:33
- Deut. 32:8
-Hosea 6:7

What other passages in the OT affirm Adam's existence?

a group of tail-less primates that include
- Gibbon
- Orangutan
- Gorilla
- Bonobo
- Chimpanzee

What are the great apes?

- short, flat face
- no brow ridge
- large brain
- smaller teeth & jaws
- upright stance
- bipedal walker
- grasping hand & opposable thumb
- foot with toes in line

What are the characteristics of humans?

- long protruding face
- thick brow ridge
- small brain
- larger teeth & jaws
- hunched stance
- knuckle walker
- non-opposable thumb
- foot with opposable large toe

What are characteristics of chimpanzee?

- genetic similarities are strong
- fossil discoveries have been surprising

What problems still remain with similarities between humans & chimpanzees?

species within the genus HOMO plus a few other ape-like genera

What does the term hominin refer to?

- sapiens
- neanderthalensis
- heidelbergensis
- erectus
- floresiensis
- naledi
- habilis
- rudolfensis

What does the HOMO species include?

- australopithecus
- ardipithecus
- paranthropus
- kenyanthropus

What are other ape-like genera?

Europe, W Asia, & Middle East

Where did Homo Neanderthalensis live?

- pronounced brow ridge
- low forehead & elongated skull
- larger brain size
- no chin
- nose/large face
- stockier body

What are the differences between H Neander. & humans?

- made tools
- made glues
- made pigments, art, clothing, & jewelry
- buried their dead
- ceremonial spaces in cave dwellings

What are human behaviors in Neander.?

1-4%; 20% genome is found across H Sapiens

How much of our DNA comes from Neander.?

Ling Bua Cave on island of Flores, Indonesia

Where were Homo Floresiensis found?

- hobbits
- adult female is 3 1/2 ft tall
-tiny skull & body

What are H Flor. nicknamed & why?

island dwarfism

What is their size a result of?

large bodied creatures get small due to limited resources

What is island dwarfism?

200 - 500 thousand yrs ago

According to a conventional time scale how long ago did H. Flor. live?

Georgia -- Africa -- Indonesia

Where were Homo Erectus distributed?

1.9 million to 143 thousand yrs ago

According to a conventional time scale how long ago did the H Erectus live?

- heavy brow ridge
- smaller brain
- larger teeth

Difference btwn H Sapiens, H. Neander & H. Erectus?

Turkana Boy
- found in Kenya
- 12-13 yr old male
- 5 ft 3 in

What is the most complete H Erectus skeleton called?

- built seaworthy craft to cross open water
- made stone tools
- made art & jewelry
- controlled use of fire
- care for old/weak tribe members

What are human characteristics of H Erectus?

newest entry
- small brained hominin that traveled deep into underground caves to dispose of their dead

What are the Homo Naledi?

- significant physical variation
- groups spread & redeveloped
- image of God relates to spiritual nature & reflects his qualities

What are humans life post-Flood?

- known in E Africa
- considered closest species to Homo
- Lucy = most famous specimen
- species is 3 1/2 - 5 ft
- appears to be bipedal
- tree dwelling features

What are characteristics of Australopithecus Afarensis?

- warm ocean = evaporation
- evaporation = precipitation
- precipitation = acceleration in erosion & sedimentation
- precipitation dropped = earth dried
- evaporation cooled water = ice advance

What was the post-Flood climate?

pieces of DNA that are designed to multiply and move around within & between themselves

What is the Altruistic Genetic Element?

structure of organism that has reduced function from the same structure in similar organisms or fossils

What are vestigal structures?

a set of populations arranged geographically in a closed loop where all but one pair of populations can interbreed with adjacent species

What is speciation / ring species?

study of where organisms live and how they got there

What is biogeography?

between 2nd half of 2nd century & 1st half of 4th century after Flood

When did Babel occur?

new languages & new cultures

What were the results of Babel?

how we have dominion over the earth & we can share in the rest that God created

What does the 7th day of creation show?

-Creator of all things
-Recreator of earth & heaven
-Orderly created the universe
-Provider of creation
-Sustainer of creation

What does the CROPS acronym stand for?