ancient rome

roman republic

509-27 BCE, when they expelled the last etruscan king

roman empire

great military power, big geographic area, love greek art and politics

rome name for zeus

jupiter

roman name for athena

minerva

roman name for aphrodite

venus

portrait bust of a man

terracotta mold, new, locust of personality, first from funerary context, 50BCE

togate male portrait with busts

marble, last 1st century BCE, republic

agustus and the julio claudians

furst emporer and family of roman empire

augustus

octavian, revered one, first emprorer of rome, more than 40 years, pax romana, art flourished

julio claudians

55 years, started by augustus

posthumous portrait of augustus

marble, roman empire, 40AD, always shown youthful, idealized in turn of greeks, 3 locks like atg, ara pacis, 

tiberius

undated, adopted son of augustus, marble, julio claudian

roman aqueduct at pont du gard

portrait of a woman

marble, undated, julio claudian hair

augustus of prima porta

marble, julio claudian era, 20AD, political, addressing troops, good speaker, after death bare feet, mother of venus (cupid, dolphin(sea battle), mix of orator and dorphoros

cuirassed torso

marble, julio claudian era, 90-96AD

ara pacis

marble, 13-9BCE, altar of peace, dedicated to augustus wide, 2 sotires, plants from all seasons, augustus controls time

imperial procession

detail from a relief oon the south side of the ara pacis, frieze, real people,

gamma augustea

onyx, early 1st century AD, transfer of power scene, victory over german from tiberus, augustus as jupiter with gods

maison carree

nimes france, 20BCE, corinthean column, pediments, staricase on one side, engaged column in back

nero

marble, 37-69AD, last in julio claudian era, bad guy, great fire of rome 64AD

temple of portunus

julio claudian

flavians

second stage of roman empire, started with vespasians, includes: vespasian, Titus, Pompeii, Domitian

vespasian

79AD, after unsteady time, emperor man, troops, common man, first of flavian dynasty, verism, coliseum

portrait of a flavian woman

big ah hair

Colosseum

flavian ampitheater, rome, 70-80 AD, vesspassian built it, gave back neros land, giant sculpture of him before, 50-60,000 peeps, concrete covered limestone, 50-a milliom people died

arch of titus, rome

81 AD, first use of composite column, built by domisian

titus

son of vespasian, second in flavian

triumph of titus

relief inside of the arch of titus

spoils from the temple of solomon

relief from inside the arch of titus

villa of the mysteries

pompeii, flavian empire

alexander the great battling darius III of Persia

mosaic, pompeii, based on greek painting, very big

domician

last of the flavian, assasinated by senate, followed by nerva, then trajan

753 BCE

rome founded

Tiber river

where rome was founded

engaged colomn

coluomn connected to square/wall

romulus and remus

brothers that washed ashore, mars and human mom

pilaster

flat engaged columns

tuscan column

smooth, base

voussoirs

bricks to make arch

composite column

purely roman, ionic and corinthean mix

keystone

stone at top of arch

verism

warts and all realism

Mt. Vesuvius

erupted after coliseum over pompeii

senate

old men

79AD

pompeii

Herulaneum and pompeii

voered in ash by mt. vesuvius, 79AD

pax romana

time of peace

atrium

large open space in building

appendage aesthetic

head seperate from torso, practical

mosaic

bunch of small tesserae

Battle of actium

331BCE, end of roman republic, beginning of roman empire

valerian

temporary roof of colosseum

volutes

ionic swirls

pompeii art

red, 1st style (masonry) 2nd (large scale figure in space illusion, dramatic), 3rd and 4th (ornate, architectural, imbedded images, framing very roman)

roman empire order

julio claudian, flavians, good emperors, severans, soldier emperors, tetrarchy, constantine the great

good emperors

trajan, hadrian, Aurelius, Commodus (not good)

trajan

looks like colomn, spanish, greatest size, best, luck as augustus good as trajan, 113AD

column of trajan

marble, rome, 113 AD, conquering datians, 2 separate campaigns, ashes in base

romans crossing the Danube and Building a fort

trajan column

forum of trajan

marble, 110-113AD, market or meeting place, twice as big as augustus forum

basilica Ulpia

rome, 112AD, part of trajan forum

hadrian

marble, 176AD, patron of arts, first incized eyes, pantheon, first to grow beard

pantheon

temple to all gods, rome, 118-128 AD, hadrian

hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli

130-135 AD

Antinous

marble, 131-138AD, lover of Hadrian

Hadrian Hunting a Boar and Sacrificing to Apollo

marble, 130-38AD

Battle of the Centaurs and Wild Beasts

mosaic, Hadrian’s Villa 118-128

Equestrain Statue of Marcus Aurelius

Bronze, 176 AD

Marcus Aurelius

bust got larger

Commodus as Hercules

marble, 191 AD, asshole, beginning of decline of roman empire, renamed months, killed 12,000 men

the Severans

septimius severus, caracalla, 

seprimius severus and his family

painted wood, 200

septimius severus 

split beard

Caracalla

marble, early 3rd century AD, military background, ruthless

Baths of Caracalla

rome, 211-217 AD, 50 acres, baths of dif temps, 1600 people, heated floors, greek sculpture decorating

soldier emperors

great instability, no architecture, more emotional

philip the arab

marble, 244-249 AD

Elagabalus

marble, undated, emperor at 14, 4 years before assassinated, worshipped one god, married five times

The Ludovisi Sarcohpagus

marble, 250AD, hadrian shifted cremations to burials hence sarcophagi

Late emperor Diocletian

Diocletian, the tetrarchs, constantine,

the tetrarchs

porphyry, 300AD, division of roman empire into east and west

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine

rome, 306-313 AD, these two fought

constantine the great

marble 325-326 AD, 30 year ruler, reunited under one emperor, christian, less individualistic, massive

Arch of Constantine

rome, 312-315 AD, commemorate milvian bridge battle, reused art, next to colosseum

Constantine’s Basilica

trier, germany, early 4th century AD

forum

marketplace / meeting area

diocletian

shared rule

tetrarchy

four rulers

oculus

hole at center of dome

battle of milvian bridge

where constantine became emperor

coffers

square shape cutouts

edict of milan

proclomation 313 AD, granted religious toleration

roundels

round reliefs

313 AD

religious freedom

antonines

roman dynasty of emperors, golden age

basilica

an ancient roman public building with rectangular layout or roman catholic church granted special privileges by pope

damnatio

memory erased from the record