Chapter 3: Naming Chemical Compounds

Flashcards for Chapter 3: Naming Chemical Compounds, covering ionic and molecular compounds, naming conventions, polyatomic ions, acids, and bases.

Molecular Compound

Composed of 2 or more nonmetals.

Ionic Compound

Composed of cation (metal) and anion (nonmetal).

Cations

Positively charged ions, typically elements on the left and center of the periodic table.

Anions

Negatively charged ions, typically elements on the right side of the periodic table.

Naming Monoatomic Cations

Monoatomic cations are named by adding 'ion' to the elemental name.

Naming Monoatomic Anions

Monoatomic anions are named by adding '–ide ion' to the suffix of the elemental name.

Metals with Multiple Charges

Metals that can form ions of multiple charges require the charge to be included in parenthesis as Roman numerals.

Polyatomic Ion

A group of atoms, mostly nonmetals, with an overall net charge.

Naming Ionic Compounds

Ionic compound name = cation name + anion name.

Formula Unit

The ratio of atoms with the smallest whole numbers that result in cation and anion charges canceling out.

Ionic Compound Charge

An ionic compound has no overall charge; the sum of positive charges must equal the sum of negative charges.

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

Name the first element as its elemental name, and the second element with an –ide ending, using prefixes to indicate quantity.

Acid

A substance that loses a H+ when reacting with water.

Bases

Substances that loses a OH- when reacting with water or accepts an H+ when reacting with an acid or water.

Binary Acids

Contains H+ + monoatomic anion, named using a 'hydro-' prefix, the root name of the non-hydrogen element, and ending with '-ic acid'.

Oxyacids

Contains H+ + polyatomic anion; named by starting with the name of the polyatomic ion and changing the ending: -ate becomes –ic acid, -ite becomes –ous acid.