chemistry reaction types

Addition

Atoms added to unsaturated bond so bond becomes saturated

Combustion

Chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen, products carbon dioxide and water

Condensation

Simple molecule like water is formed in a reaction

Cracking

Thermal decomposition of long chain hydrocarbon molecules from crude oil into shorter chain alkenes and alkanes

Dehydration

Removal of water from a compound by heating

Displacement

One element displaces a less reactive element from a compound. Usually takes place between metals and also halogens

Disproportionation

Rare type of chemical reaction where an element in a reactant is oxidised and reduced at the same time e.g chlorine

Electrolysis

Process using electricity to break down a compound, reactants in liquid state

Elimination

Removal of a small molecule from a larger molecule

Endothermic

Takes in heat energy

Exothermic

Releases heat energy

Hydrogenation

Addition of a molecule of hydrogen across a C=C bond

Neutralisation

Reaction between basic compound and an acid. Product includes salt of acid, water and other products

Oxidation

Loss of electrons, gain of oxygen

Precipitation

Precipitate is a solid formed in a solution by a chemical reaction or a change in temperature affecting solubility. Precipitates are insoluble in the solvent.

Radical (chain) reactions

Reactions involving radicals- an atom or compound with an unpaired electron. Often one of the products of the reaction is also radical. Process makes a chain reaction

Redox

Involves both oxidation and reduction, electron transfer

Reduction

Gain of electrons, loss of oxygen. Oxidation and reduction always happen together

Reversible

Reaction that can go forwards and backwards at the same time

Substitution

Atom or group of atoms in a molecule is swapped for a different atom or group of atoms

Thermal decomposition

One compound breaks down under heating into two or more simpler compounds e.g cracking of hydrocarbons