Jacksonian Democracy and Its Impact on America

Election of 1828

Jackson wins, symbolizing common man's victory.

Jacksonian Democracy

Policies favoring white male suffrage and common man.

Kitchen Cabinet

Informal advisors to Jackson, met in White House.

Spoils System

Government jobs awarded to party supporters.

King Caucus

Undemocratic selection of presidential candidates by elites.

National Republicans

Opposed Jackson, supported Quincy Adams' policies.

Democratic Republicans

Supported Jackson, favored limited federal government power.

Worcester vs. Georgia

Established tribal sovereignty for Native American governance.

Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia

Cherokee sued for land rights infringement.

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of tribes to Indian Territory.

South Carolina Exposition

Argued against federal laws infringing states' rights.

Indian Resistance

Seminoles and Red Hawks fought against government.

Maysville Road Bill Veto

Jackson opposed federal funding for internal improvements.

Pre-emption

Federal laws take precedence over state laws.

Nullification

States can invalidate federal laws deemed unconstitutional.

Tariff of Abominations

High tariffs causing economic distress in the South.

Force Bill

Authorized military action to enforce federal tariffs.

Foote Resolution

Debated limiting sale of public lands in Senate.

Webster-Hayne Debate

Discussed states' rights versus federal authority.

Peggy Eaton Affair

Ostracized by the wives of Jackson’s cabinet members, many cabinet member resignations because of this.

Tariff of 1832

Reduced tariffs, unpopular in Northern states.

Nullification Crisis

Conflict over states' rights and federal authority regarding enforcement of legislation and law.

Whigs

Political party advocating for greater states' rights.

Bank War

Conflict over Jackson's veto of the 2nd Bank recharter.

Election of 1832

Jackson defeats Henry Clay, solidifying his agenda.

Anti-Masonic Party

Opposed Freemasons, promoting anti-elitist politics.

Liberty Party

Pre-Civil War party advocating for immediate emancipation.

Roger B. Taney

Implemented pet banks policy, withdrawing federal deposits.

Specie Circular

Mandated land purchases with gold/silver, no paper money.

Election of 1836

Van Buren wins, defeating Whigs, shaping party system.

Panic of 1837

Financial crisis caused by speculative lending and Jackson's policies.

Independent Treasury Plan

Treasury managed funds independently of commercial banks.

Alexis de Tocqueville

Author analyzing American democracy's strengths and weaknesses.

Unitarianism

Religious movement emphasizing rational faith and social reform.

Charles G. Finney

Key figure in the Second Great Awakening's revivals.

William Miller

Predicted Second Coming of Christ in the 1840s.

Horace Mann

Advocated for universal free public schooling reforms.

Oberlin College

First co-ed college, regularly admitting Black students.

American Colonization Society

Aimed to gradually end slavery through migration.

William Lloyd Garrison

Prominent abolitionist advocating for immediate emancipation.

Horace Greely

Founder of Republican Party, promoted anti-slavery reforms.

Theodore Dwight Weld

Abolitionist advocating for equality and anti-slavery reforms.

Frederick Douglass

Former slave, powerful orator advocating for abolition.

Cult of True Womanhood

Idealized women's roles as moral guardians in society.

Underground Railroad

Network aiding escaped slaves to reach free states.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Violent slave uprising in Virginia led by Nat Turner.

South's defense of slavery

Argued slavery was essential for economy and stability.

Seneca Falls Convention

First women's rights convention held in July 1848.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Demanded gender equality and women's suffrage.

Susan B. Anthony

Organized Seneca Falls and advocated for women's rights.

Lucretia Mott

Quaker activist for abolition and women's rights.

Sojourner Truth

Abolitionist who advocated for Black women's equality.

Harriet Tubman

Conductor on Underground Railroad, led enslaved to freedom.

Maine Law

Prohibited manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor.

Dorothea Dix

Advocated for better conditions for the mentally ill.

Auburn System

19th-century prison system emphasizing discipline and labor.

Transcendentalism

Philosophy promoting individual intuition and connection to nature.

Hudson River School

Art movement depicting American landscape beauty.

Lyceum Movement

Promoted adult education through public lectures and discussions.

Charles Fourier

Advocated for utopian socialist communal living.

Utopian Communities

Sought to create ideal societies based on shared resources.

Joseph Smith

Founder of the Mormon Church and its beliefs.

Samuel Morse

Inventor of the telegraph and Morse Code.

Elias Howe

Patented the first practical sewing machine in 1846.

Isaac Singer

Perfected sewing machine design and founded Singer Company.

John Deere

Invented the self-scouring steel plow in 1837.

Cyrus McCormick

Created the mechanical reaper for efficient grain harvesting.

Election of 1840

First election using modern campaign techniques.

Democrats vs. Whigs

Political parties with opposing views on governance.