Endosymbiosis and Eukaryotic Cells

These flashcards cover key concepts related to endosymbiosis, eukaryotic cell structures, and their evolutionary origins.

What is the primary function of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells?

They compartmentalize metabolic processes and minimize competing interactions.

What theory explains the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

The endosymbiont theory proposed by Lynn Margulis.

How did eukaryotic cells develop internal membranes?

From engulfed prokaryotic cells via endosymbiosis.

What type of cells contain mitochondria?

Animal, plant, and fungal cells.

What type of cells typically contain chloroplasts?

Plant cells and some protists like algae.

How do modern mitochondria support the endosymbiotic theory?

They have their own DNA, reproduce independently via binary fission, and have double membranes.

What happens to genes from mitochondria and plastids over time?

Some genes are transferred to the nucleus.

Describe the size and structure similarities between mitochondria and prokaryotes.

Both are similar in size, have circular DNA, and use 70S ribosomes.

What role does the plasma membrane play in eukaryotic cells?

It facilitates the engulfing process during endosymbiosis.

What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and do not maintain specialized internal membranes.