DevPsych Compre

lifespan development

growth and development; until death

physical

cognitive

psychosocial

domains of development

describe

explain

predict

change/control

goals of development psychology

mechanistic and organismic

two models of development

mechanistic

model of development

reactive, continuous, and quantitative

organismic

model of development

active, discontinuous, and qualitative

discontinuous

characteristic of organismic model meaning development has stages

John Locke

proponent of Tabula Rasa

tabula rasa

meaning "blank slate" according to John Locke

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

argued that humans are generally good; and the nature is their master

schema

collective thought; routine; standard framework of organization

assimilation

fits a new idea into something we already know

accommodation

changing ideas to fit an entirely new idea

conservation

the amount of something remains the same despite changes in appearance

egocentrism

cannot take the perspective of others

theory of the mind

ability to understand the mental state of others

centration

focus on one aspect of a situation and ignore others

sensorimotor

preoperational

concrete

formal operational

Piaget's Stages of Development

sensorimotor stage (birth to 2)

Piaget's Stage of Development

attains object permanence; reflexes and movement

preoperational (2 to 7)

Piaget's Stage of Development

attains theory of the mind; egocentric and no conservation

concrete (7 to 11)

Piaget's Stage of Development

bound to concrete ideas; seriation and reversibility

seriation

separating things

reversibility

ability to understand even when things are reversed

formal operational (11 to present)

Piaget's Stage of Development

highest stage; abstract, formal, and logical

touch

smell

taste

hearing

vision

order of development of five senses

sweet

preferred taste of of child in womb

6 months

time before the vision of a newborn is developed

Albert Bandura

proponent of social learning theory

Social Learning Theory

development is affected by the interplay of the personality, behavior, and environment

reciprocal determinism

reciprocal determinism

interplay between personality, events, and how we interpret them

Paul Baltes

proponent of Life Span Perspective

lifelong

multi-dimensional

multi-directional

multi-disciplinary

plastic

contextual

growth, maintenance, loss regulation

life span perspectives according to Paul Baltes

lifelong

life span perspective meaning

womb to tomb

multi-dimensional

life span perspective meaning

including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains

multi-directional

life span perspective meaning

some will decrease while others increase, vice-versa

plastic

life span perspective meaning

changing according to events and situation

contextual

life span perspective meaning

effects of events and upbringing

germinal

embryonic

fetal

neonatal

four stages of prenatal development

germinal (fertilization to 2 weeks)

stage of prenatal development

zygote to blastocyst

embryonic (2 to 8 weeks)

stage of prenatal development

organogenesis; most sensitive and vulnerable stage

organogenesis

formation of organs during embryonic stage

fetal stage (8 weeks to birth)

stage of prenatal development

finishing stage

neonatal (first 4 weeks)

stage of prenatal development

moment out of womb; independence

peratogen

dangers to fetus such as smoking and alcohol

spontaneous abortion

miscarriage before 20 weeks of gestation

stillbirth

miscarriage after 20 weeks gestation

SIDS

investigated but no conclusion death of an infant

unknown cause

death of infant with no investigation

Folic Acid

for pregnant women; to lessen risk of infant physical defects

oxytocin

hormone that stimulates labor, removes placenta, develop milk

anencephaly

incomplete brain and skull tissue of infant

spina bifida

spinal cord not formed properly in infant

fragile x syndrome

more common in boys; intellectual disability

boys have XY; no other X can accommodate the fragile other

why is fragile x syndrome more common in boys

Vygotsky Sociocultural Theory

argues the the community plays a role in development;

learning is a social process

Zone of Proximal Development

next level skill; range of tasks child can perform

according to Vygotsky

scaffolding

supporting a child in learning more advanced tasks; temporary

according to Vygotsky

preconventional

conventional

postconventional

Kohlberg's stages of moral development

punishment

reward

good boy/girl

authority

social

conscience

Kohlberg's levels in the stages of moral development

oral

anal

phallic

latency

genital

Freud's psychosexual stages

oral (0-1)

Freud's psychosexual stages

development by wearing of off breast

oral fixations

anal (1-3)

Freud's psychosexual stages

development by toilet training

fixation is messiness, orderliness

phallic (3-6)

Freud's psychosexual stages

development by resolving male/female Oedipus complex

fixation is deviancy, sexual dysfunction

latency (6-12)

Freud's psychosexual stages

development of defense mechanisms

genital (12)

Freud's psychosexual stages

full sexual maturity

oral retentive

class of oral stage

meaning organized

oral explosive

class of oral stage

meaning disorganized

Freud

he focused on sexuality

Erikson

he extended Freud's stages until adulthood

Piaget

proponent of cognitive development

Vygotsky

proponent of sociocultural cognitive

Miller

proponent of information-processing

Pavlov

proponent of classical conditioning

Skinner

proponent of operant conditioning

Bandrua

proponent of social cognitive

Bowlby

proponent of attachment styles

Lorenz

proponent of imprinting

Bronfrenbrenner

proponent of ecological theory

readiness

exercise

effect

Thorndike Laws of Learning

readiness

Thorndike Law of Learning

learning only happens if we are physically ready

exercise

Thorndike Law of Learning

if stimuli satisfies, we repeat behavior; vice-versa

effect

Thorndike Law of Learning

response to stimuli is stronger the more it is used

analytic

creative

practical

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence

microsystem

mesosystem

exosystem

macrosystem

chronosystem

Bronfenbrenner Ecological Systems

microsystem

Bronfenbrenner Ecological System

direct contact

mesosystem

Bronfenbrenner Ecological System

interaction of microsystems

exosystem

Bronfenbrenner Ecological System

events not related to individual

macrosystem

Bronfenbrenner Ecological System

beliefs, religion, government

chronosystem

Bronfenbrenner Ecological System

entirety

learning

adaptation to behavior

appearance

pulse

grimace

activity

respiration

APGAR meaning

APGAR

used to determines if a newborn is in need of immediate attention

> 7

good physical condition APGAR score

4 - 6

to be assisted in breathing, etc. APGAR score

< 3

serious danger and requires emergency medical attention APGAR score

identical twins

one egg split in half

fraternal twins

two separate eggs

stage 1

stage of birth

12 to 24 hours, weak irregular contractions, longest stage

stage 2

stage of birth

head of baby appears

1 hour for first time, 15 to 20 minutes otherwise

stage 3

stage of birth

placenta and umbilical cord removed; shortest stage