American History 11 - Quarter 3 Chapter 26 Review (Video) – Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Progressive Era and early 20th-century reforms as presented in the video lecture notes.

Progressive Era

A period of U.S. reform (roughly 1890s–1920s) aimed at fighting corruption, improving government efficiency, and addressing social issues.

Muckraker

Investigative journalists who exposed political corruption, slum conditions, unsafe factory practices, and child labor abuses.

Ida Tarbell

Leading muckraker whose History of the Standard Oil Company exposed John D. Rockefeller’s monopolistic tactics.

Brandeis Brief

A legal brief that relies on social science data and facts rather than primarily legal citations.

Direct Primary

An electoral reform that allows voters to choose a party’s nominees, reducing the power of party bosses.

Robert La Follette

Wisconsin governor and reformer who championed direct primaries and regulatory reforms to curb corporate influence.

Susan B. Anthony

Key suffrage leader who helped organize the movement for women’s right to vote.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Early leader in the women’s rights movement and suffrage movement.

19th Amendment

Constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote.

Great White Fleet

Roosevelt’s naval fleet sent around the world as a show of American naval power and diplomacy.

Speak softly and carry a big stick

Roosevelt’s foreign policy slogan, emphasizing negotiation backed by military force.

Bull Moose Party

Progressive Party formed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 to push progressive reforms.

New Freedom

Wilson’s progressive program advocating stronger anti-trust measures, banking reform, and tariff reduction.

16th Amendment

Constitutional amendment authorizing a federal income tax.

Federal Reserve

Central banking system created to regulate monetary policy and stabilize the economy.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

1911 factory fire that highlighted unsafe working conditions and spurred labor reforms.

Ballinger-Pinchot controversy

Conflict over conservation policy during Taft’s presidency, contributing to Republican divisions.

Judicial Recall

Process allowing citizens to overturn a court decision that declares a law unconstitutional.

Federal Trade Commission

Agency of five commissioners that investigates unfair business practices and enforces antitrust laws.

Secret Ballot

Voting method ensuring voter privacy; originated in Australia and adopted in the U.S. after 1884.

Frances Perkins

First woman to serve in a U.S. president’s cabinet (Secretary of Labor under FDR).

William Howard Taft

Roosevelt’s successor; continued some reforms but less aggressively; faced the Ballinger-Pinchot controversy.

The Jungle

Upton Sinclair’s novel about the meatpacking industry that led to reform and meat-inspection measures.

Meat Inspection Act

Federal law requiring inspection of meat and sanitary processing standards for human consumption.

Conservation (Roosevelt era)

Roosevelt’s policy to preserve forests, reclaim unused lands, develop inland waterways, and manage water and mineral resources.