Chapter 7: Search and Seizure, Arrest, and Interrogation

Frisk

________: This is the search of the outer layer of a persons clothing for weapons or contraband.

Thermal Imaging

________: Device that shows how much body heat is emitting from a premises.

Exclusionary Rule

________: Any evidence that is obtained unlawfully will not be admissible in court no matter how important it may be.

Curtilage

________: This is the immediate area surrounding a residence.

Arrest

________: This is when an officer takes someone who is suspected of criminal activity into custody.

Reasonable expectations of privacy

________: Also known as the "right to be left alone.

Good Faith Exception

________: If an officer believes that the warrant covered the place they searched, even if it didnt, the evidence can be admissible in court.

Interrogation

________: Questioning a suspect after an arrest, the suspect must be read their rights (Miranda rights)

Plain Feel Doctrine

________: An officer can take anything they believe is contraband during a legal pat down.

Field Interrogations

________: When an officer asks questions to a civilian relating to criminal activity.

Knock and Announce

: Police officers must knock and announce their presence before entering a house unless reasonable belief that doing so would be dangerous.

Search Warrant

________: An order from a judge authorizing the search of a place.

Reasonable Suspicion

________: A suspicion that can be proved by specific facts that the police officer can justify.

Hot Pursuit

: Refers to the search and apprehension of a fleeing suspect or any form of chase where the suspect will escape if immediate action is not taken.

Probable Cause

________: This is defined as the probability that a person committed a crime is greater than 50 %.

Plain View Doctrine

________: Evidence can be seized if the evidence is clearly seen or in "plain view "of the officer and if the officer is legally allowed to be on the premises.

Illinois v. Gates

________: The court defined probable cause as specifically "a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a will be found in a particular place.

Systematic Stops

________: When officers create a checkpoint or roadblock to search everyone that passes through.

exigent circumstances

An arrest can be made without a warrant if the crime has occurred in front of the officer or if there are ________.

Exigent Circumstances

________: These are circumstances that would not require an officer to get a search warrant.

Probable Cause

This is defined as the probability that a person committed a crime is greater than 50%

Spinelli v. United States

The evidence for the probable cause has to be verified and so does the source

Illinois v. Gates

The court defined probable cause as specifically "a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a will be found in a particular place"

Field Interrogations

When an officer asks questions to a civilian relating to criminal activity

Terry Stops

This is the detainment of a suspect relating to criminal activity, public safety, or an officers safety

Terry v. Ohio

The officer's search was deemed reasonable by the court under the Fourth Amendment, and they could use the guns they seized as evidence against Terry

Frisk

This is the search of the outer layer of a persons clothing for weapons or contraband

Plain Feel Doctrine

An officer can take anything they believe is contraband during a legal pat down

Reasonable Suspicion

A suspicion that can be proved by specific facts that the police officer can justify

United States v. Arizona

This established that race cannot be the only thing that describes reasonable suspicion

United States v. Sokolow

This established that running away from a scene or fleeing an officer does not by itself show reasonable suspicion

Exclusionary Rule

Any evidence that is obtained unlawfully will not be admissible in court no matter how important it may be

Fruit of a Poisonous Tree Doctrine

This stated that only the evidence that was unlawfully obtained would be discarded not the entire case

Good Faith Exception

If an officer believes that the warrant covered the place they searched, even if it didnt, the evidence can be admissible in court

Inevitable discovery

This exception states that illegally obtained evidence can still be admissible if officers would have legally found it later on anyway

Search Warrant

An order from a judge authorizing the search of a place

Knock and Announce

Police officers must knock and announce their presence before entering a house unless reasonable belief that doing so would be dangerous

Exigent Circumstances

These are circumstances that would not require an officer to get a search warrant

Hot Pursuit

Refers to the search and apprehension of a fleeing suspect or any form of chase where the suspect will escape if immediate action is not taken

Plain View Doctrine

Evidence can be seized if the evidence is clearly seen or in "plain view" of the officer and if the officer is legally allowed to be on the premises

Thermal Imaging

Device that shows how much body heat is emitting from a premises

Incident to arrest

Police can search a person during the time of their arrest and their immediate arm span

Pretextual Stop

When an officer stops someone for a traffic violation and then searches their entire vehicle

Systematic Stops

When officers create a checkpoint or roadblock to search everyone that passes through

Reasonable expectations of privacy

Also known as the "right to be left alone"

Curtilage

This is the immediate area surrounding a residence

Wiretapping

This refers to intercepting communication through a telephone connection to gather information

Arrest

This is when an officer takes someone who is suspected of criminal activity into custody

Stop

An individual is not in custody and is allowed to leave at any time

Interrogation

Questioning a suspect after an arrest, the suspect must be read their rights (Miranda rights)

Miranda rights

These are the rights that are read to a suspect before they start an interrogation