Unit Test 4

Orbital

A region of space around the nucleus that contains 90% of the electron locations.

Orbit

Based on the Bohr model, the movement of electrons around the nucleus.

Electronegativity

The measurement of an element’s ability to attract a shared pair of electrons in a chemical bond.

Ionization

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from the valence shell of a neutral atom or molecule.

Atomic Size

A measure of an atom’s radius, defined as the distance between the nucleus to its outermost electron shell.

Double Slit Experiment

Demonstrated that electrons functioned as both a particle and a wave.

Ionization Energy Trend

Opposite of atomic size and equal to electronegativity; Fr is the least ionized, He is the most ionized.

Atomic Radius Trend

Left to right gets smaller, up to down gets larger; Fr is the biggest, He is the smallest.

Isoelectronic Series

Trend that goes up or down depending on how many electrons are added/taken away to equal the nearest noble gas.

Exceptions in Electron Configurations

Cr, Mo, Cu, Ag; these elements have special electron configurations.