Parasitt credit 1: Apicomplexa - Eimeria and cryptosporidium

Eimeria parasites in sheep?

- E. Intricate,
- E. Ovinoidalis,
- E. Crandalis

Which organelles do the apical complex consist of?

- Conoid
- Polar ring
- Subpellicular microtubules
- Micropore
- Micronemes
- Rhoptry

Eimeria and cryptosporidium belongs to?

subphylum apicomplexa, class coccidea

What parasites are monoxenous/which genera belong to monoxenous coccidiae?

Monoxenous: life cycle in one host.
- Eimeria Cryptosporidia
- Eimeria Isospora

Where does gamogony, sporogony and merogony take place in eimeria?

Sporogony: external environment (exogenous)

Merogony and Gamogony: small intestine (endogenous)

Where is eimeria truncate located?

Kidney of geese

Where is eimeria stiedai located?

Liver of rabbit (bile duct epithelium)

Schizogony eimeria intricate begins in?

Ileum enterocytes in sheep

Which genera belongs to monoxenous coccidia?

Eimeria,
Cryptosporidium,
isospora

Where does sporogony occur in Eimeria?

exogenous: external environment

Sporogony of cryptosporidium spp. occur in?

- Endogenous: inside final host.
- small intestine

Size of Cryptosporidium?

5-7 micrometer

Size of Eimeria:

20-25 micrometer

What are species of cryptosporidium?

- C. Parvum
- C. Muris
- C. Baylei
- C. Meleagridis

What cryptosporidium parasites are typical in birds/poultry?

- C. Baylei
- C. meleagridis

Cryptosporidium Baylei occurs often in?

poultry, resp tract

Cryptosporidium parvum occurs often in?

cattle, <1month

Pathology of cryptosporidium, how is it diagnosed?

Watery, acute diarrhea
Diagnosis:
- Fecal smear,
- Stained fecal smear (carbo-fuchine staining, kinyoun stain, ziehl-nielsen stain),
- Detection of coproantigen (rapid test, ELISA, PCR, scraping of trachea)

Three types of stained fecal smear?

- Carbo-fuchine stain
- kinyoun stain
- ziehl-neelsen stain

Eimeria parasites in chicken:

- E. tenella
- E. necatrix (Small Intestine)

Eimeria parasites in geese:

E. Truncata (kidney)

Eimeria parasites in rabbit:

E. stiedai,
E. Intestinalis,
E. flavescens

Eimeria parasites in cattle:

- E. zuernii,
- E. Bovis

Life cycle of Cryptosporidium?

1. Sporogony: Zygoite becomes thin shelled oocyst (20%) or thick shelled oocyst (80%). Thick shelled is secreted through feces, thin shelled stays in small intestine.

2. thin shelled oocyst releases sporozoites thorugh Excystation. Released sporozoite attaches to enterocyte => meronts.

3. Inside meronts are Merozoites that through merogony (asexuall reproduction) replicate.

4, Cell bursts. releasing merozoites.

5. merozoites can infect new endocytes or become mikrogametes (male) or makrogametes (female).

6. Gamogony (sexuall reproduction: mikro and makrogametes fuse = Zygoite

Life cycle of Eimeria:

1. Sporogony: HAPPENS IN EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT:

Zygoite oocyst

2. INGESTED BY HOST: oocyst releases sporozoites thorugh Excystation. Released sporozoit attaches to enterocyte => meronts.

3. Inside meronts are Merozoites that through merogony (asexuall reproduction) replicate.

4, Cell bursts. releasing merozoites.

5. merozoites can infect new endocytes or become mikrogametes (male) or makrogametes (female).

6. Gamogony (sexuall reproduction: mikro and makrogametes fuse = Zygoite

7. Zygoite excreted through feces

Draw Eimeria and describe

- Unsporulated or Sporulated: (4 sporocyst, 8 sporozoites)
- 5-7 micrometer
- Oval
- Thin shell
- Light yellow

Fully sporulated oocysts were found in the feces of rabbit. What species is most likely represented? name and describe it:

Eimeria stiedai.
- 4 sporocysts
- 8 sporozoites (2 in each sporocyst)
- Small
- Oval
- 2 thin shells
- Sporulated or unsporulated
- Transparent

What does sporolated oocysts in cryptosporidium spp. look like?

- 0 sporocysts

- 4 sporozoits (free)

- No micropyle

- Microgametes have no flagellum

- 5-7 micrometer (small)

- Oval/Round

- 2 thin shells

- Pink on Ziehl Nielsen stain

Draw oocyst of Eimeria, Cryptosporidium and Cystoisospora:

Eimeria:

4 sporocysts,

8 sporozoites

Cryptosporidium:

0 sporocysts,

4 sporozoites

Cystoisospora:

2 sporocysts,

8 sporozoites