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Monomers
Basic building blocks
Polymers
Multiple monomers
Combined by:
Covalent bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
Putting together
Hydrolysis
Breaking apart
Common Formula (carbohydrates)
(CH²0)^n = “n” is the number of carbons
Carbohydrates
The name “carbo” (carbon) “hydrate” (water is made of oxygen and hydrogen)
- can be written with the ration of 1:2:1
Major Functions (carbohydrates)
Energy
Structure
Monosaccharides (categorie)
“simple sugar”/ monomer
Usually end in “-ose”
Aldose
C=O on the end of the molecule
- functional group - aldehyde
Ketose
R - (C = O) - R^1 in the middle
- can be made of 3,5,or 6 carbons
- functional group = ketone
Can be:
Linear or ring shaped
Examples:
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Ribose
Switch between:
Linear/ cyclic