Organic Chemistry

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Last updated 8:38 PM on 8/26/26
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33 Terms

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Functional group

A group of bonded atoms that impart chemical and physical properties to molecules

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Covalent bonding

Sharing of electrons, usually amongst nonmetals

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Ionic bonding

Transfer of electrons due to attraction between positive and negative charges, usually between atoms at opposite extremes of the periodic table

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What is electronegativity most dependent on?

Number of protons and distance between the nucleus and the outer shell of electrons

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Does the dipole arrow point towards or away from the most electronegative element?

Towards

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Bonds are true covalent bonds if…

they are between identical atoms

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How is formal charge (FC) calculated?

FC = group - (unshared electrons + 1/2(shared electrons))

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Hydrocarbon (definition and types)

Only contain H and C atoms, aromatic and aliphatic

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Aromatic (meaning and types)

has a scent, benzene

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Aliphatic (meaning and types)

fat-like, alkane, alkene, alkyne

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Alkane

Only contains H and C in single bonds

<p>Only contains H and C in single bonds</p>
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Alkene

Only contains H and C, with double bonds between C atoms

<p>Only contains H and C, with double bonds between C atoms</p>
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Alkyne

Only contains H and C, with triple bonds between C atoms

<p>Only contains H and C, with triple bonds between C atoms</p>
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Benzene (picture)

knowt flashcard image
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Heteroatomic

Contains elements other than just H and C

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Alcohol

Has an OH group

<p>Has an OH group</p>
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Ether

An O atom attached to two R groups

<p>An O atom attached to two R groups</p>
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<p>Name this!</p>

Name this!

Methanol

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<p>Name this!</p>

Name this!

Ethanol

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<p>Name this!</p>

Name this!

Dimethyl ether

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<p>Name this!</p>

Name this!

Ethyl methyl ether

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Amine

Contains an N atom bonded to R groups and H atoms (can be primary, secondary, or tertiary)

<p>Contains an N atom bonded to R groups and H atoms (can be primary, secondary, or tertiary)</p>
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<p>Name this!</p>

Name this!

Methylamine

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<p>Name this!</p>

Name this!

Ethylmethylamine

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Carbonyl (meaning and types)

Has a C atom double bonded to an O atom, aldehyde and ketone

<p>Has a C atom double bonded to an O atom, aldehyde and ketone</p>
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Aldehyde

A carbonyl group with one R groups and one H atom bonded to the C atom

<p>A carbonyl group with one R groups and one H atom bonded to the C atom</p>
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Ketone

A carbonyl group with two R groups bonded to the C atom

<p>A carbonyl group with two R groups bonded to the C atom</p>
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Carboxylic acid

Has a C-O double bonded with an R group and OH group

<p>Has a C-O double bonded with an R group and OH group</p>
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Ester

Has a C-O single and double bond with two R groups

<p>Has a C-O single and double bond with two R groups</p>
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Amide

Has a C-O double bond and C-N single bond with three R groups

<p>Has a C-O double bond and C-N single bond with three R groups</p>
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What is the angle between bonds in a tetragonal structure?

109.5 degrees

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What is the angle between bonds in a trigonal planar structure?

120 degrees

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Which is stronger, sigma or pi bonds?

Sigma bonds