ch14 - Acids and Bases

This flashcard set covers key concepts related to acids, bases, and their properties as discussed in the 'Introductory Chemistry' lecture series.

Acid

A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution.

Base

A substance that produces OH− ions in aqueous solution.

Arrhenius Acid

An acid that increases the concentration of H+ ions in water.

Arrhenius Base

A base that increases the concentration of OH− ions in water.

Brønsted–Lowry Acid

An acid that donates a proton (H+) in an acid-base reaction.

Brønsted–Lowry Base

A base that accepts a proton (H+) in an acid-base reaction.

Sour Taste

Characteristic of acids; indicates the presence of hydrogen ions.

Bitter Taste

Characteristic of bases; indicates the presence of hydroxide ions.

Self-Ionization of Water

The process by which water acts as both an acid and a base.

Neutral Solution

A solution where [H3O+] = [OH−] = 1.0 × 10−7 M.

pH Scale

A logarithmic scale used to express the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Hydronium Ion (H3O+)

An ion formed when water molecules gain protons from acids.

Ion Product Constant (Kw)

The equilibrium constant for the self-ionization of water, equal to 1.0 × 10−14 at 25°C.

Calculating pH

Using the formula pH = -log[H3O+] to find the acidity of a solution.

Concentration of H3O+

Determined from pH using the inverse logarithmic function.