EXP 15: Urine

1000-1500 mL

What is the volume of 24-hour urine?

Urochrome/Urobilin

What substance in urine contributes to the yellow color?

Uroerythrin

What substance in urine contributes to the amber color?

Ammonia Odor

What happens when urine is allowed to stand for sometime, exposed to air?

Clear and transparent

What is the normal reaction of urine when freshly voided?

Disodium Phosphate (Na2HPO4)

Monosodium Phosphate (NaH2PO4)

What substances is the reaction of urine turning clear and transparent due to?

Oxidation of urea to ammonium carbonate

Why does urine become ammoniacal in odor and alkaline in pH when allowed to stand without a preservative?

Uric Acid (C5H4N4O3)

Sodium Urate (C5H3N4NaO3)

What constituents of urine tend to precipitate when the reaction is acidic?

Calcium Phosphate

What substance precipitates in alkaline urine?

1.015-1.025

What is the specific gravity range of normal urine?

Weyl’s Test

What is another name for the Nitroprusside Test for Creatinine?

• Sodium Nitroprusside (Na₂[Fe(CN)₅NO]•2H₂O)

• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

What are the reagents of Nitroprusside Test for Creatinine?

Ruby red color which turns yellow

What is the color change of the Nitroprusside Test?

Creatinine

What does the Weyl’s Test indicate the presence of?

Jaffe Reaction

What is another name for the Picric Acid Reaction?

• Picric Acid (C6H3N3O7)

• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

What are the reagents of the Picric Acid Reaction?

• Nitroprusside/Weyl’s Test

• Picric Acid/Jaffe Reaction

What tests detect Creatinine?

Creatinine picrate

What causes the red color in the picric acid reaction?

Yellow

What color does the red tautomer of creatinine picrate become when acidified?

• Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH)

• Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2)

What are the reagents of the Ammoniacal Zinc Chloride Test?

Urobilin

What does the production of greenish fluorescence in the Ammoniacal Zinc Chloride Test indicate?

• Urochrome

• Uroerythrin

• Indican

What are the other pigments normally present in the urine?

• Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)

• Barium Chloride (BaCl2)

What are the reagents for the Detection in Inorganic Sulfuric Acid?

Barium Sulfate (BaSO4)

What is the product of the Detection in Inorganic Sulfuric Acid?

• Nitric Acid (HNO3)

• Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)

What are the reagents for the test for chloride?

Silver Chloride (AgCl)

What is the product of the test for chlorides?

• Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH)

• Magnesia

What are the reagents for the test for phosphates?

Earthy Phosphates (Ca and Mg)

After making urine alkaline, what forms?

Alkali Phosphates (Na and K)

After adding magnesia to alkaline urine, what forms?

Alkali Phosphates

What form of phosphate is present in larger amounts?

1. Coagulation Test

2. Heller’s Ring Test

What are the tests for albumin in urine?

1. Heat

2. Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)

What are the reagents of the Coagulation Test?

True

True or False: If albumin is present, the coagulation test shows a more flocculent precipitate.

Nitric Acid (HNO3)

What are the reagent of the Heller’s Ring Test?

Red, yellow, or green

What is a positive color reaction of the Test for Glucose?

Benzidine Test

What is the test for Blood in urine?

• Benzidine (C12H12N2)

• Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)

• Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

What are the reagents of the Benzidine Test?

Blue or green color

What is a positive color reaction for the test for blood in urine?

Gmelin’s Test

What is the test for Bile in Urine?

Nitric Acid (HNO3)

What is the reagent of Gmelin’s Test?

Obstruction of flow of bile from the gallbladder

What does the presence of bile in urine indicate?

Legal’s Test

What is another name for the Nitroprusside Test for Acetone Bodies?

• Sodium Nitroprusside (Na₂[Fe(CN)₅NO]•2H₂O)

• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

• Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)

What are the reagents of Legal’s Test?

Acetone

What does the ruby red color of the Legal’s Test indicate the presence of?

Nitroprusside/Legal’s Test

What is the test for ketonuria?