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Baby boom, innovative spirit, sympathetic government, new power sources
Reasons for Industrial growth (2, 2, 2, 3 word answers)
robber barons
journalist nickname for wealthy business-owners, innovators, and entrepreneurs
Political entrepreneurs
Folsom’s term for those who sought success by special privileges or political advantages
Economic Entrepreneurs
Folsom’s term for those who sought success by innovating, cost-cutting, and improving operations
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Tycoon who ran a shipping business without federal aid — only a hundred dollars from his mother
James J. Hill
Tycoon who innovated and cut costs in his railroad business to the point that he was working twice as fast as the government-funded railroad businesses
Andrew Carnegie
Tycoon who was born in Scotland and came to the US with nothing; built himself a massive steel industry by working hard, efficiently, and being ambitious.
John D. Rockefeller
An oil tycoon who revolutionized oil refining and the uses of kerosene byproducts, inventing over 300 products and ended up controlling 90 percent of the American oil market and 65 percent of the world market
trust
a legal device by which a board of trustees is empowered to make decisions and control the operations of a whole group of companies
horizontal integration
in which one company controls all of an entire segment in an industry
James Buchannan Duke
Tycoon who produced a ton of Tobacco
J. P. Morgan
Tycoon who was known as “America’s Banker”, made his fortune off of buying and selling stocks, especially consolidating the steel industry
United States Steel Corporation
the world’s first billion-dollar corporation
H. J. Heinz
Christian food producer in Pittsburgh, pioneered modern billboard and newspaper advertising.
“New South”
The post-reconstruction south’s conception of a South that could match the North in economic and industrial capacity
Alexander Graham Bell
Scottish immigrant who invented the telephone
Thomas Alva Edison
Famous American inventor who created more than a thousand inventions, the most important being the motion picture projector, photograph, and incandescent lightbulb
Roscoe Conkling
Senator who headed the “Republican Tammany Hall” in New York
Stalwarts
Republicans who favored high tariffs, hard money, and the spoils system
Half-breeds
Moderate Republicans who tended to favor reform
James A. Garfield
a half-breed nominated for the election of 1880
Chester A. Arthur
James Garfield’s Vice Presidential nominee
Pendleton Act
Act that eliminated the spoils system and established the Civil Service Commission, authorized the president to appoint three civil service commissioners
Grover Cleaveland
Former New York governor, opponent of Tammany Hall, noted for his honesty. Presidential candidate in the election of 1884
Interstate Commerce Act
Act that regulated the railroad industry
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Regulates businesses that attempt to form trusts and tried to reduce monopolies, but didn’t do a lot
Benjamin Harrison
Capable, honest president who was dissapointingly weak
McKinley Tariff
raised tariffs under the McKinley administration
Knights of Labor
earliest significant labor union, advocated for a lot of modern standards
American Federation of Labor
A splinter group from the Knights of Labor, supported higher wages, shorter working hours, safter and cleaner working conditions, and elimination of child labor
Samuel Gompers
Leader of the AFL
Haymarket Riot
A riot by factory workers and anarchists, demanding an 8-hour workday
Homestead Strike
Strike that went on for months, gained nothingE
Eugene V. Debs
Presidential candidate on the Socialist ticket
Pullman Strike
Strike in retaliation to five successive wage reductions, caused a ton of cascading chaos
injunction
court order
Grange
Nickname for the Patrons of Husbandry, advocated the regulation of railroads
Farmer’s Alliance
Agricultural union that worked to regulate more stuff
Populist Party
Party focused around currency issues, attracted more than a million votes in 1892
Free silver
The idea of giving working people free silver coins freshly printed
William McKinley
pro-tariff, big-business, likeable Republican candidate in the 1896 election
William Jennings Bryan
“Great Commoner”, Democratic candidate in 1896
1896
Year of the election that killed the Populist party
New Immigration
A new wave of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe
Charles “Chuck” Darwin
Lame-o man who invented natural selection
Darwinism
Darwin’s beliefs
Mark Twain
Samuel Clemens, wrote in the style of realism
Naturalism
The idea that man is for himself and came from nothing
Stephen Crane
Naturalist author who wrote Maggie: A Girl of the Streets and the Red Badge of Courage
Jack London
Naturalist author who wrote Call of the Wild
Urban evangelism
large, citywide campaigns in huge auditoriums
Dwight L. Moody
Leader of the urban evangelism movement
