PRAXIS TERMS - SECTION 3 GEOMETRY AND MEASUREMENT

geometric figures

shapes comprised of points, lines, or places

point

a location in space; does not have any dimensional properties

line

collection of points that extends infinitely in both directions

ray

a line that extends infinitely in only one direction is a ray

line segment

a section of line with a beginning and end

one dimensional

lines, rays, and line segments are examples of one dimensional because they can only be measured in one dimension

angles

where lines, rays, and line segments intersect; measured in degrees or radians

acute

between 0-90 degrees

obtuse

angles betwwen 90 and 180

right

exactly 90 degree angle

perpendicular

two lines that form right angle

parallel

lines that do not intersect

complementary

two angles with measurements that add up to 90 degrees

supplementary

two angles with measurements that add up to 180 degrees

linear pair

two adjacent angles; touching; supplementary

sum of angles in a triangle

180 degrees

two dimensional

measured in length and width

plane

two dimensional; extends infinitely in both dimensions

polygons

two-dimensional shape; ex: triangles and squares that have three or more straight sides the root of the word meaning many; many sides)

regular polygons

polygons with sides that are all the same length

three dimensional

objects such as cubes, can be measured in three dimensions (length, width, and height); also called solids

net

the shape of a flattened solid; ex - if you flattened all of the surfaces of a cube onto the ground

length

distance from one point to another on an object; can be found by using a tape measure or ruler

area

the size of the surface of a two-dimensional object; length times width

perimeter

distance around two dimensional figure; adding the lengths of all the sides

surface area

find area of every side of a 3D object and then add them all up

volume

amount of space that a 3D object takes up; can be found by multiplying length times width times height

circles

set of all the points in a plane that are the same distance from a fixed point

radius

distance from the center to any point on the circle

circumference

the distance around the circle

pi

the ratio of a circles circumference; 3.14

diameter

largest measurement across a circle; measurement of this is twice the measure of the radius

scalene triangle

no equal sides or angles

isosceles triangle

two eqaul sides and two equal angles

equilateral triangle

all three sides are equal and all three angles are

coordinate plane

plane containing the x and y axis

x-axis

the horizontal line

y-axis

the vertical line

points

locations on the graph

ordered pairs

(x,y) how the points are written

origin

(0,0) is called this, the original point of the graph, the middle point

statistics

the study of data

mean

the average; determined by adding all the outcomes and dividing by the total number of outcomes

median

the number in the middle when the data set is arranged in order from least to greatest

mode

most frequent outcome in the data set

range

difference between highest and lowest numbers in a data set

outliers

data points that are much different from the other data points

probability

likelihood or chance that something will happen