Psychology

What is Neuroimaging?

Neuroimaging methods are used to visualize the structure and functioning of the brain, aiding in diagnosing injuries or diseases.

What does a Computerized Tomography (CT) scan do?

CT scans use X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the brain, helping diagnose conditions such as blood clots and tumors.

How does Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) differ from CT scans?

MRI provides more detailed images of the brain using strong magnetic fields, allowing real-time assessment of blood oxygen flow.

What is the purpose of Positron Emission Tomography (PET)?

PET scans detect changes in metabolic activity in the brain, providing images of functional brain activity without structural detail.

What does Functional MRI (fMRI) measure?

fMRI primarily measures changes in blood flow to identify active brain regions, making it popular in cognitive neuroscience.

What does Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) focus on?

DTI identifies pathways in the brain along which water diffuses, revealing the orientation of neural axons and brain connectivity.

What does Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) do?

TMS temporarily inactivates specific parts of the cortex using magnetic fields to map brain functions.

What is Electroencephalography (EEG)?

EEG records electrical activity in the brain using electrodes on the scalp, useful in diagnosing brain disorders.

What does Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measure?

MEG detects changes in magnetic fields on the scalp caused by neural activity.

How is Electromyography (EMG) used?

EMG records muscle tension by measuring electrical activity in muscles during contraction.

What does Electrodermal Activity (EDA) assess?

EDA records skin conductance to measure emotional responses through Skin Conductance Level (SCL) and Skin Conductance Response (SCR).

What information does the Lesion Method provide?

The Lesion Method correlates brain damage in patients with behavioral changes to understand the role of specific brain areas.

What are Histological Methods used for?

Histological Methods prepare brain tissue samples for microscopic examination to study their detailed structures.

What is the purpose of Neuropsychological Assessment?

To assess cognitive functions and behavioral impairments following brain injury, guiding diagnosis and treatment.

What is the cephalocaudal principle in development?

Growth occurs from the top down, with the head developing rapidly before other body parts.

What is the proximodistal principle in development?

Growth and motor skills development proceed from the center of the body outward.

What are some issues associated with the use of punishment?

Punishment may elicit aggression, cause avoidance behaviors, and raise ethical concerns.

How can emotional reactions to punishment manifest?

Aggressive behavior may occur when painful stimuli are used as punishers, which can be negatively reinforced.