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What is meant by "the mean" in actions and passions?
The mean refers to the intermediate state between excess and deficiency in actions and passions, which leads to virtue.
What is meant by an excess and a deficiency in actions and passions?
Excess is an overreaction, while deficiency is an underreaction; both deviate from the virtuous mean.
What are habits?
Habits are repeated behaviors that form one’s character over time.
What are good habits and bad habits?
Good habits lead to virtues; bad habits lead to vices.
Why are actions not habits?
Actions are singular events, while habits form through repeated actions over time.
Why are habits not virtues?
Habits are the foundation for virtues but lack the intentionality and choice essential to virtues.
What are virtues?
Virtues are stable states of character that aim at the mean between excess and deficiency.
What are all the conditions present when a person has a virtue?
Virtuous actions, choice, deliberation, practical wisdom, and proper desires.
What are all the conditions present when a person has a vice?
Vicious actions, lack of proper choice, poor deliberation, and excessive or deficient desires.
Why do many people do virtuous actions but lack the corresponding virtues?
Virtuous actions without the right intention or proper state of character do not equate to true virtue.
Why do many people do vicious actions but lack the corresponding vices?
Vicious actions can occur from ignorance or error, not necessarily from a vicious state of character.
What is knowledge of the universal?
Knowledge of the universal involves understanding general principles or laws that apply broadly.
How do you come to have knowledge of the universal?
Through experience, education, and reflection on ethical principles.
What is knowledge of the particular?
It refers to understanding specific situations and the particular circumstances surrounding them.
How do you come to have knowledge of the particular?
By gaining experience and paying attention to individual contexts.
What does achieving the mean relative to you really mean?
It means finding the right balance of action and passion appropriate for your unique circumstances.
What is meant by achieving the excess or deficiency relative to you?
It refers to going beyond or falling short of what is appropriate for your specific situation.
Why does Aristotle say that knowledge is the least difficult part of developing a virtue?
Because applying knowledge to actions, governed by habit and desire, is harder than merely understanding principles.
What is deliberation?
Deliberation is the process of reasoning about the best course of action.
What is decision (choice)?
Choice is the action taken based on deliberation and intention toward a virtuous end.
How are deliberation and decision related?
Deliberation informs decision-making by considering the means to achieve a desired end.
If a person has a virtue, what is the end at which he/she aims or for which one wishes?
The noble end, which is in accordance with reason and promotes the good.
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