org chem fucntional group

alkanes

-ane

single bonded chain

CnH2n+2

H-C-C bond angle 109.5

Rotate around single bonds

saturated hydrocarbon (no room for other atoms to bond to C)

alkenes

-ene

double-bonded chain

has cis and trans isomer

CnH2n

H-C=C bond angle 120

canT rotate around double bonds

unsaturated (reactive site for other atoms to bond to C)

cis trans isomers

groups cant be bonded to the same carbon

isomers

prop suffix and beyond

same chemical formula but diff structures

n- normal (straight chain)

iso - branched

CH3

|

CH3– C

ISOPROPYL

alkynes

-yne

triple bonded chain

CnH2n-2

H-C≡C bond angle 180

canT rotate around triple bonds

unsaturated

alcohol

-ol

R-O-H

EDGE

alcohol is priority

dont number up to ethanol

double bond + H2O → alcohol

ether

[alkyl][alkyl]ether

R-O-R1

MIDDLE

R (2 C’s or less)

2+, [alkoxy]alkane

alkoxy is shorter chain

alcohol (→ strong base/R-Cl) R-O-R

aldehyde

-al

No numbering

also remember methanal

EDGE

oxidation of primary alcohol → aldehyde + h2

ketone

-one

MIDDLE

propanone only doesnt have number

(meth and eth don’t exist)

oxidation of secondary alcohol → ketone + h2

alkyl halide

H’s replaced by halogens

F: fluro

Cl:chloro

br: bromo

i: iodo

carboxylic acid

-oic acid

EDGE

carboxylic ion: H+ [Carboxylate]-

oxidation of primary alcohol → acid + h2O

ester

[alkyl][carboxyl]ate

MIDDLE

carboxylic acid + alcohol → ester + H2o

amine

-amine

EDGE

what are these as branches

no2, oh, and benzene

nitro, hydroxy, phenyl

UNBRANCHABLES are always prioritized

cycloalkanes

ring shape

cyclo[alkane]

functional groups

c=o carbonyl

aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides.

c-oh hydroxyl

o=c-oh carboxyl

c-n amine

o=c-n amide

c-o alcohol/ethers

benzene

C6H6

• phenyl if branch

amide

-amide

ester + NH3/amine → amides

benzene suffixes

ortho - 1,2-di___benzene

meta - 1,3 - di____benzene

para - 1,4 - di____benzene

priority

1. carboxylic acid

2. ester

3. amide

4. aldehyde

5. ketone

6. alcohol

7. amine

8. alkene/alkyne

9. ether

10. halides