ZOO 14 LAB - 1ST LAB EXAM

positive phototaxis

Volvox performs _____________, wherein they move towards the source of light, important for their photosynthetic nature.

cytoplasmic strands

Volvox are connected via ____________ that allow cell-to-cell communication.

Choanoflagellates

Closest living single-celled relative of the metazoans.

Choanoflagellates

Aquatic protists that are characterized by the collar of finger-like projections called the microvilli, which surround a single flagellum.

microvilli; flagellum

Choanoflagellates are characterized by the collar of finger-like projections called the ___________, which surround a single ___________.

Choanoflagellates

The most prominent structure is its ovoid body.

Asco; Leucon

___________ is the simplest, and __________ is the most complex canal type in sponges

ostia; choanocytes; spongoceol; osculum

ostia; choanocytes; choanocytes chambers; excurrent canal

Ascon and Sycon

• Water enters the openings called the ______, filtered by the ____________, then pumped into the _____________ before leaving the exit opening called the ___________.

Leucon

• Water would still enter the _______ and be filtered out by the __________ in the ______________. Then travel to the ______________ area, there is no space for a spongocoel.

Choanocytes

generate directed water currents into the sponge and trap food particles, can become sperm by detaching from the sponge (spermatocytes)

Pinacocytes

epidermal cell covering in sponges that may phagocytize large food particles, can transform into any cell type

Porocytes

tube-like cells regulating the flow of water into the sponge through the ostia (note some ostia are formed by the foldings of the sponge's body only)

Amoebocytes

1. archaeocytes

2. collenocytes

3. lophocytes

4. sclerocytes

5. spongocytes

_____________ - in a sponges can become the egg (stays in mesohyl) 

It has many types:

1. _____________ (for regeneration and nutrition) 

2. _____________ (secretes collagen-like protein in mesohyl) 

3. _____________ (highly mobile, secretes collagen also) 

4. _____________ (secretes spicules) 

5. _____________ (secretes spongin) 

• Origin of Multicellularity

  • Close evolutionary ties between protists and animals

    • mtDNA information: homologues for genes, food cell adhesion and signaling

    • Diverse collar cell distribution in animals

• Origin of Multicellularity

  • Close evolutionary ties between protists and animals

    • mtDNA information: homologues for genes, food cell adhesion and signaling

    • Diverse collar cell distribution in animals

• Somatic cells

• Gonidia

Multicellularity in Volvox

• Cell adhesion, cell-cell communication, division of labor, and acquisition of individuality for the cell aggregate

  • Cytoplasmic strands are used by Volvox cells for communication 

  • Germ-soma allocation of cells for division of labor

    • ___________ for locomotion via positive phototaxis, nutrition via photosynthesis, and osmoregulation via contractile vacuoles

    • ____________ are stem cells mainly for reproduction, and can also perform photosynthesis

Retrograde peristalsis

What do you call the form of movement done by earthworms?

diplosegments

What do you call the individual segments of the millipede?

poikilothermic

Dapnia is _____________, wherein their their body temperature and therefor metabolic rate is directly affected by environmental temperature.

baroreceptor reflex

The _________________ is a series of quick actions your body takes to keep your blood pressure in a normal range in response to an abrupt change in position (particularly, a seated/lying down position to a standing position).

60-100 bpm

What is the normal range of the bpm for humans? 

7.35 - 7.45

What is the normal pH range of human blood?

Pericardial gland

would serve as an additional ultrafiltration device in bivalves