Chemistry Lecture Notes on Amines and Carbonyl Derivatives

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to amines and carbonyl derivatives in organic chemistry.

Amines

Organic compounds derived from ammonia with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by hydrocarbon groups.

Primary Amines

Amines where the nitrogen atom is bonded to one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms.

Secondary Amines

Amines where the nitrogen atom is bonded to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.

Tertiary Amines

Amines where the nitrogen atom is bonded to three carbon atoms.

Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Cationic compounds formed by the permanent attachment of four alkyl or aryl groups to a nitrogen atom.

Basicity

The capability of a compound to accept protons, often relating to the availability of electron pairs.

Nomenclature of Amines

The systematic naming of amines; includes suffixes like 'amine' for primary amines and 'amino' as a prefix for substituents.

Electrophile

A reagent that is attracted to electrons and is capable of accepting an electron pair in a reaction.

N-Boc

A common protecting group used in organic synthesis to temporarily mask amines.

N-Acylation

A process of introducing an acyl group into an amine to form an amide.

Protonation of Amines

The addition of a proton (H+) to an amine to form a positively charged ammonium ion.

Hydrogen Bonding

The attractive force between a hydrogen atom bonded to electronegative atoms and another electronegative atom.

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

A chemical reaction in which an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom in an aromatic compound.

Nucleophile

Species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond.

Carboxylic Acids

Organic acids containing a carboxyl group (COOH) that are typically weak acids.

Carbonyl Compounds

Compounds containing a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O), such as aldehydes and ketones.

Addition-Elimination Reaction

A type of reaction where a nucleophile adds to a carbonyl carbon, followed by the elimination of a leaving group.

Hofmann Rearrangement

A reaction that involves the conversion of primary amides to primary amines with one fewer carbon atom.

Amine Basicity Order

The basicity of amines usually follows the trend: Primary > Secondary > Tertiary in nonpolar solvents.