Patterns of breathing and Effects of high altitude and exercise

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Last updated 3:09 PM on 8/6/26
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13 Terms

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Tachypnea

Rapid, shallow breathing

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Hyperpnea

An increase in the rate and depth of breathing

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Hyperventilation

Over-breathing beyond metabolic needs, lowering blood CO2

High blood pH (alkaline)

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Bradypnea

Abnormally slow breathing

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Cheyne-Stokes

A serious pattern that gradually increases and decreases in depth, followed by temporary pauses in breathing

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Kassmaul

Deep, rapid, labored breathin

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Hemoglobin Saturation at High altitudes

The saturation of hemoglobin is lower

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Effects of High altitude ( immediate)

  • Faster breathing: Your brain senses low oxygen and forces you to breathe quicker and harder, even while resting.

  • Shortness of breath: You feel winded easily during physical activity because your lungs work harder to catch air.

  • More carbon dioxide loss: Breathing faster blows off extra carbon dioxide, changing your blood's chemical balance.

  • Changes during sleep: You may experience brief, irregular pauses in breathing at night as your respiratory control system adjusts

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Effects of High altitude (Long-term)

  • More red blood cells: Over days or weeks, your kidneys release a hormone that tells your body to make more red blood cells. This helps carry more oxygen through your blood.

  • Lower resting heart rate: After adjusting, your heart rate slows down closer to normal rates while resting.

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Acute Mountain Sickness Symptoms

Usually occurs at 2400 meters

Result of low oxygen levels as the body as trouble adjusting to partial pressure

In serious cases, AMS can cause pulmonary or cerebral edema.

Symptoms of AMS include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, lightheadedness, drowsiness, feeling disoriented, increased pulse, and nosebleeds.

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AMS treatment

Lower altitude gradually.

Some pharmaceutical treatments can help symptoms

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Effects of exercise short term

Increased breathing rate (not hypnea)

Increased tidal volume

Enhanced gas exchange

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Effects of exercise Long term

Stronger respiratory Muscles

Improved lung efficiency

Increased vital capacity