Chapter 13: Lymphatic System and Body Defense

Medical Terminology

acquired active immunity {inmunidad activa adquirida}:

Resistance to a disease acquired naturally or developed by previous exposure or vaccination.

acquired immunodeficiency [ĬM-yū-nō-dē-FĬSH-ĕn-sē] syndrome or AIDS [ādz] {SIDA}:

Most widespread immunosuppressive disease; caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

acquired passive immunity {inmunidad pasiva adquirida}:

Inoculation against disease or poison; using antitoxins or antibodies from or in another person or another species.

aden/o

gland

allergen [ĂL-ĕr-jĕn] {alergeno}:

Substance to which exposure causes an allergic response.

allergy [ĂL-ĕr-jē] {alergia}:

Production of IgE antibodies against an allergen.

anaphylaxis [ĂN-ă-fĭ-LĂK-sĭs] {anafilaxia o anafilaxis}:

Life-threatening allergic reaction.

antibody [ĂN-tē-bŏd-ē] {anticuerpo}:

Specialized protein that fights disease; also called immunoglobulin.

antigen [ĂN-tĭ-jĕn] {antígeno}:

Any substance that can provoke an immune response.

antitoxin [ăn-tē-TŎK-sĭn] {antitoxina}:

Antibodies directed against a particular disease or poison.

autoimmune [ăw-tō-ĭ-MYŪN] diseases {enfermedad autoinmune}:

Any of a number of diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma, caused by an autoimmune response.

autoimmune responses {respuestas autoinmunes}:

Overactivity in the immune system against the body, causing destruction of one’s own healthy cells.

B lymphocytes [LĬM-fō-sīts], B cells {linfocitos o células B}:

A kind of lymphocyte that manufactures antibodies.

cell-mediated immunity {inmunidad celular mediada}:

Resistance to disease mediated by T cells.

cytotoxic [sī-tō-TŎK-sĭk] cell {célula citotóxica}:

T cell that helps in destruction of infected cells throughout the body.

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [ĕ-LĪ-ză; ĕ-LĪ-să], enzyme immunoassay (EIA) {test de ELISA}:

Test used to screen blood for the presence of antibodies to different viruses or bacteria.

gamma globulin [GĂ-mă GLŎB-yū-lĭn] {gamaglobulina}:

1. Globulin that arises in lymphatic tissue and functions as part of the immune system. 2. Antibodies given to prevent or lessen certain diseases.

helper cell {células T}:

T cell that stimulates the immune response.

histiocytic [HĬS-tē-ō-SĪT-ĭk] lymphoma {linfoma histiocítico}:

Lymphoma with malignant cells that resemble histiocytes.

Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin disease {enfermedad o linfoma de Hodgkin}:

Type of lymph cancer of uncertain origin that generally appears in early adulthood.

human immunodeficiency [ĬM-yū-nō-dē-FĬSH-ĕn-sē] virus (HIV) {virus de inmunodeficiencia humano (VIH)}:

Virus that causes AIDS; spread by sexual contact, exchange of body fluids, and shared use of needles.

humoral [HYŪ-mōr-ăl] immunity {inmunidad humoral}:

Resistance to disease provided by plasma cells and antibody production.

hypersensitivity [HĪ-pĕr-sĕn-sĭ-TĬV-ĭ-tē] {hipersensibilidad}:

Abnormal reaction to an allergen.

hypersplenism [hī-pĕr-SPLĒN-ĭzm] {hiperesplenismo}:

Overactive spleen.

immun/o

combining form for immune system or immunity.

immunity [ĭ-MYŪ-nĭ-tē] {inmunidad}:

Resistance to particular pathogens.

immunization [ĬM-yū-nī-ZĀ-shŭn] {inmunización}:

Injection of an antigen from a different organism to cause active immunity; vaccination.

immunoglobulin [ĬM-yū-nō-GLŎB-yū-lĭn] {inmunoglobina}:

Antibody.

immunosuppressive [ĬM-yū-nō-sŭ-PRĔS-ĭv] disease {enfermedad inmunosupresora}:

Disease that flourishes because of lowered immune response.

infectious mononucleosis [MŎN-ō-nū-klē-Ō-sĭs] {mononucleosis infecciosa}:

Acute infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

interferon [ĭn-tĕr-FĒR-ŏn] {nterferón}:

Protein produced by T cells and other cells; destroys disease-causing cells with its antiviral properties.

interleukin [ĭn-tĕr-LŪ-kĭn] {interleucina}:

Protein produced by T cells; helps regulate immune system.

lymph [lĭmf] {linfa}:

Fluid that contains white blood cells and other substances and flows in the lymphatic vessels.

lymph node {nódulo linfático}:

Specialized organ that filters harmful substances from the tissues and assists in the immune response.

lymph node dissection {disección de nódulo linfático}:

Removal of a cancerous node for microscopic examination.

lymph/o

Prefix meaning lymph. Commonly used in medical terminology to refer to lymph fluid or lymphatic vessels.

lymphaden/o

term referring to lymph nodes, small bean-shaped structures that filter lymph fluid and help the body fight infection.

lymphadenectomy [lĭm-făd-ĕ-NĔK-tō-mē] {linfadenectomía}:

Removal of a lymph node.

lymphadenopathy [lĭm-făd-ĕ-NŎP-ă-thē] {linfadenopatía}:

Swollen lymph nodes.

lymphadenotomy [lĭm-făd-ĕ-NŎ-tō-mē] {linfadenotomía}:

Incision into a lymph node.

lymphangi/o

means lymph vessel.

lymphatic [lĭm-FĂD-ĭk] pathways {vías linfáticas}

Vessels that transport lymph around the body.

lymphatic vessels {vasos linfáticos}:

Contain valves that prevent backflow of lymph. As the vessels approach the heart, they carry more fluid and are larger in size.

lymphocyte [LĬM-fō-sīt] {linfocito}:

Type of agranulocyte; white blood cells made in the bone marrow that are critical to the body’s defense against disease and infection.

lymphocytic [lĭm-fō-SĬT-ĭk] lymphoma {linfoma linfocítico}:

Lymphoma with malignant cells that resemble large lymphocytes.

lymphoma [lĭm-FŌ-mă] {linfoma}:

Cancer of the lymph nodes.

macrophage [MĂK-rō-fāj] {macrófago}:

Special cell that devours foreign substances.

metastasis [mĕ-TĂS-tă-sĭs] {Metástasis}:

Spread of a cancer from a localized area.

microphage [MĪK-rō-fāj] {micrófago}:

Small phagocytic cell that devours foreign substances.

natural immunity {inmunidad natural}:

Inherent resistance to disease found in a species, race, family group, or certain individuals.

non-Hodgkin lymphoma {linfoma no Hodgkin}:

Cancer of the lymph nodes with some cells resembling healthy cells and spreading in a diffuse pattern.

opportunistic [ŏp-pōr-tū-NĬS-tĭk] infection {infección oportunista}:

Infection that takes hold because of lowered immune response.

pathogen [PĂTH-ō-jĕn] {patógeno}:

Disease-causing agent.

phagocytosis [FĂG-ō-sī-TŌ-sĭs] {fagocitosis}:

Ingestion of foreign substances by specialized cells.

plasma [PLĂZ-mă] cell {célula plasmática}:

Specialized lymphocyte that produces immunoglobulins.

retrovirus [rĕ-trō-VĪ-rŭs] {retrovirus}:

Type of virus that spreads by using the body’s DNA to help it replicate its RNA.

sarcoidosis [săr-koy-DŌ-sĭs] {sarcoidosis}:

Inflammatory condition with lesions on the lymph nodes and other organs.

spleen [splēn] {bazo}:

Organ of lymph system that filters and stores blood, removes old red blood cells, and activates lymphocytes.

splen/o

Refers to the spleen, an organ located in the upper left part of the abdomen involved in filtering blood and immune response."

splenectomy [splē-NĔK-tō-mē] {esplenectomía}:

Removal of the spleen.

splenomegaly [splēn-ō-MĔG-ă-lē] {esplenomegalia}:

Enlarged spleen.

suppressor [sŭ-PRĔS-ōr] cell {célula supresora}:

T cell that suppresses B cells and other immune cells.

T cells {células T}:

Specialized white blood cells that receive markers in the thymus, are responsible for cellular immunity, and assist with humoral immunity.

T lymphocytes {linfocitos T}:

Specialized white blood cells that receive markers in the thymus, are responsible for cellular immunity, and assist with humoral immunity.

thym/o

combining form meaning thymus gland.

thymectomy [thī-MĔK-tō-mē] {timectomía}:

Removal of the thymus gland.

thymoma [thī-MŌ-mă] {timoma}:

Tumor of the thymus gland.

thymosin [THĪ-mō-sĭn] {timosina}:

Hormone secreted by the thymus gland that aids in distribution of thymocytes and lymphocytes.

thymus [THĪ-mŭs] gland {glándula tímica}:

Soft gland with two lobes that is involved in immune responses; located in mediastinum; gland that is part of the immune system as well as part of the endocrine system; aids in the maturation of T and B cells.

tox/o

toxi-

toxic/o

Combining form meaning poison or harmful substance, often used in medical terminology to indicate toxicity or poisoning.

vaccination [VĂK-sĭ-NĀ-shŭn] {vacunación}

Injection of an antigen from a different organism to cause active immunity.

vaccine [văk-SĒN, VĂK-sēn] {vacuna}:

Antigen developed from a different organism that causes active immunity in the recipient.

Western blot:

Test primarily used to check for antibodies to HIV in serum.