1a Cells

What are cells?

What are cells?

The smallest unit of life.

Types of living organisms

Prokaryotic and Eukaryote cells and Organelles

Prokaryotes

• No nucleus

• Minimal internal cell organelles

Eukaryotes

• Has a nucleus

• Can be single or multicellular

• From amoeba, to animals and plants

Organelles

• Parts of the cell that specialized to allow the cell to survive

Sections of the cell

Control

Division

Energy

Proteins

Storage & Waste

Structure

Control

Organelles and other structures that are involved in controlling cell activities

• Nucleus

• Nucleolus

• Nuclear membrane

What is the Nucleus

• Control center of the cell

• Contains genetic material that direct all cell activities

What is the Nucleolus

• Produces and assemble the cell’s ribosomes

• Senses cellular stress

What is the Nuclear Membrane

• Acts as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Division

Organelles and other structures involved in cell division

• Centrioles

What are centrioles

• Are present in animal cells but not plant cells

• Used for the animal cells to reproduce

Energy

Organelles and other structures involved with creating food/energy

• Chloroplasts

• Mitochondria

What are chloroplasts

• Only in plant cells

• Site of photosynthesis

What are mitochondria

• Provides the cells with energy, the powerhouse of a cell

• Cellular respiration = Changes glucose (C6H12O6) into energy (ATP C10H16N5O13P3)

Proteins

Organelles and other structures involved in creating, packaging, and transporting protein

• Ribosomes

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Golgi Apparatus

What are ribosomes

• Makes proteins

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Canals that carry material such as protein throughout the cell

Golgi Apparatus

• Sorts and processes proteins for transport around and out of the cell

Storage & Waste

Organelles and other substances that are involved with storage of substances and removal of waste

• Vacuole

• Lysosome

What are vacuoles

• Fluid filled sacs (water, sugar, minerals, and protein)

• It stores substances, disposal of substances & maintaining pressure balance

What are lysosomes

• Responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)

• Cell membrane repairs

• Responds against foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses and other antigens

Structure

Organelles and other structures involved with the physical structure of the cell

• Cytoplasm

• Cell membrane

What are cytoplasms

• Jelly-like or liquid substance

• All organelles and nutrients are suspended and move around in it

What are cell membranes

• Gatekeeper

• Semi-permeable membrane controlling movement of materials in & out of cell

• Gives support to the cell