1a Cells

What are cells?

The smallest unit of life.

Types of living organisms

Prokaryotic and Eukaryote cells and Organelles

Prokaryotes

* No nucleus
* Minimal internal cell organelles

Eukaryotes

* Has a nucleus
* Can be single or multicellular
* From amoeba, to animals and plants

Organelles

* Parts of the cell that specialized to allow the cell to survive

Sections of the cell

Control

Division

Energy

Proteins

Storage & Waste

Structure

Control

Organelles and other structures that are involved in controlling cell activities

* Nucleus
* Nucleolus
* Nuclear membrane

What is the Nucleus

* Control center of the cell
* Contains genetic material that direct all cell activities

What is the Nucleolus

* Produces and assemble the cell’s ribosomes
* Senses cellular stress

What is the Nuclear Membrane

* Acts as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Division

Organelles and other structures involved in cell division

* Centrioles

What are centrioles

* Are present in animal cells but not plant cells
* Used for the animal cells to reproduce

Energy

Organelles and other structures involved with creating food/energy

* Chloroplasts
* Mitochondria

What are chloroplasts

* Only in plant cells
* Site of photosynthesis

What are mitochondria

* Provides the cells with energy, the powerhouse of a cell
* Cellular respiration = Changes glucose (C6H12O6) into energy (ATP C10H16N5O13P3)

Proteins

Organelles and other structures involved in creating, packaging, and transporting protein

* Ribosomes
* Endoplasmic Reticulum
* Golgi Apparatus

What are ribosomes

* Makes proteins

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum

* Canals that carry material such as protein throughout the cell

Golgi Apparatus

* Sorts and processes proteins for transport around and out of the cell

Storage & Waste

Organelles and other substances that are involved with storage of substances and removal of waste

* Vacuole
* Lysosome

What are vacuoles

* Fluid filled sacs (water, sugar, minerals, and protein)
* It stores substances, disposal of substances & maintaining pressure balance

What are lysosomes

* Responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)
* Cell membrane repairs
* Responds against foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses and other antigens

Structure

Organelles and other structures involved with the physical structure of the cell

* Cytoplasm
* Cell membrane

What are cytoplasms

* Jelly-like or liquid substance
* All organelles and nutrients are suspended and move around in it

What are cell membranes

* Gatekeeper
* Semi-permeable membrane controlling movement of materials in & out of cell
* Gives support to the cell