Medical Terminology Dermatology

Dermatologist

med specialists who use lab & and diagnostic tests, medical & and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat integumentary diseases

Integumentary System

Large flexible body system that covers the body

Consists of:

skin

hair and glands

nails

subcutaneous tissue

What is the purpose of the integumentary system?

1) Barrier to protect from the outside world

2) First line of defense against invading micro-organisms

3) Sense of touch

4) retain body fluid

5) Regulate body temperature

6) eliminate waste products (sweat)

Epidermis

Epithelium

thin outermost layer of the skin

Dermis

Thicker layer of skin below the epidermis

Contains

collagen fibers and elastin fibers

arteries and veins

nerves

hair follicles

sebaceous and sweat glands

Collagen Fibers

provides flexibility and strength

Firm white protein

Elastin Fibers

provide some elasticity to the skin, enabling movement

Elastic yellow protein

Adipose Tissue

fatty tissue

Adipose tissue is the loose connective tissue composed primarily of fat cells, called adipocytes, which store energy as fat

Lipocytes

Fat storing cells

Keratin

Most superficial part of skin containing dead cells

Full of hard, fibrous protein

protective layer

cell have no nucleus

constantly being shed

Exfoliation

The removal of excess dead cells from the skin surface.

Basal Cells (Basal Layer)

The deepest layer of the epidermis

Composed of:

living cells that are constantly dividing & forced to the surface

before moving to surface they loose their nucleus and die

Melanocyte

pigment cells that produce melanin

Melanin

pigment that absorbs UV light to protect DNA from mutations

Squamous cells

flattened and scale-like

make up most of the cells in epidermis

composed of dead and living cells

Sebaceous glands

type of exocrine gland in the dermis

secrete sebum through a duct (hair follicle)

Sebum

the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands

Sudoriferous glands

exocrine gland in dermis that secrete sweat through a duct that ends at a pore

also known as sweat glands

perspiration

sweat

Piloerection

Small muscle at base of hair follicle contracts and causes hair to stand up

functions of integumentary system

First-line defense against injury

acidic epidermis discouragesmicro-organisms's growth

keratin in the epidermis makes skin waterproof

sweat & and sebum contains antibodies and enzymes that kill bacteria

Sensation

UV rays convert epidermal cholesterol into vitamin D (help absorb calcium)

Thermoregulation

Homeostasis

Dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

Involves rash on swollen red skin

Edema

excess amounts of fluid move from the blood into the dermis or subcutaneous layer and causes swelling

Local areas of edema on the skin caused by inflammation due to allergic reaction or infection

Large areas of edema on skin are associated with diseases of cardiovascular or urinary system

Lesion

any visible damage or variation from normal skin whether from disease or injury

Hematoma

elevated localized collection of blood under the skin

Pruritus

itching

causes by the release of histamine as part of an allergic reaction of the skin

Treatment: topical or oral drugs

Rash

Any type of skin lesion that is pink to red, plat to raise or pruritic or not pruritic

Wound

Any area of visible damage to the skin

Xeroderma (zee·row·dur·muh)

Excessive dryness of the skin

Caused by age, weather, vitamin A deficiency, dehydration

Xer/o-

dry

Albinism

Genetic mutation that causes lack of pigment in the skin, iris, hair

There is normal amount of melanocytes but they don't produce enough or no pigment

Hereditary disease

Cyanosis

Bluish-purple discoloration of the skin and nails due to a decreased level of oxygen in the blood

Erythema (eh·ruh·thee·muh)

Reddish discoloration of the skin

can be confined to a local area of infection or inflammation or large areas such as a sunburn

Area is said to be erythematous

Erythr/o-

red

Jaundice

Yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous members and whites of the eyes

occurs when the liver can't process bilirubin so it moves from the blood to the tissue

Jaund/o-

yellow

Necrosis

grey to black discoloration of the skin in areas where the tissue has died

Can develop in a burn pressure injury, wound, or tissue with poo blood supply

Necr/o-

dead body; dead tissue

Necrotic tissue

dead tissue

Gangrene

necrosis with subsequent bacterial invasion and decay

Gangerous tissue

Pallor

Unnatural paleness due to a lack of blood supply to the tissue

Vitiligo

Autoimmune disorder where melanocytes are destroyed

Abrasion

sliding or scraping injury that mechanically removes the epidermis

Blister

Fluid-filled sac with tin transparent covering of epidermal cells

Occurs when repetitive rubbing separates epidermis from the dermis

What causes burns

Heat, electric currents, chemicals, radiation causes burns

First degree burns

Involves only the epidermis

Erythema, pain, and swelling

no blisters

AKA: superficial burns

Second degree burn

Involves epidermis and UPPER part of dermis

Erythema, pain, swelling

HAVE blisters or bulla (bullae)

AKA: Partial thickness burn

Third degree burn

Involves the epidermis, the dermis, and sometimes subcutaneous tissue and muscle

Nerves in the dermis are destroyed leading to local anesthesia

AKA: Full-thickness burn, requires skin grafting

Bulla

a large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter

Callus

Repetitive rubbing injury causes epidermis to gradually thicken into wide elevated pad

Corn

Callus with a hard central area and pointed tip that causes pain and inflammation

Keloid

Firm abnormally large scar that grows larger than the original injury due to over production of collagen as it heals

Doesn't decrease overtime like regular scar

Can be surgically removed but often grows back

Decubitus Ulcer

constant pressure on the skin decreases blood flow to that area

The epidermis an dermis break down resulting in shallow deep ulcer

Cellulitis

Infection and inflammation that spreads through the skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle

Develops from superficial scratch, insect bite, blister, or splinter that becomes in infected

Spreading bacteria produces enzymes that allow the infection to spread between tissue layers

Herpes

Infection caused by herpes virus

Causes vesicles, erythema, edema, pain

Vesicles rupture and release clear fluid that forms crust

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 1

Causes vesicles on lips (cold sores/ fever blisters)

Tend to recur during illness and stress, stays dormant in body

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 2

Sexually transmitted diseases cause vesicles in genitals (genital herpes)

Herpes Whitlow

Infection at distal fingernail bc contact with Herpes Simplex Type 1 or 2

Virus enters through small tear in cuticle

Herpes Varicella-Zoster

Causes and shingles chickenpox then remains dormant until activated due to stress the

Forms vesicles and crusts along dermatome

Dermatome

Area of skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal nerve

Tinea

Skin infection caused by fungus that feeds on epidermal cells

Causes severe itching and burning w/ red scaly lesions

AKA: ringworm

Tinea Capitis

fungal infection of the head

Tinea Corporis

ringworm of the body

Tinea Cruris

known as Jock itch. it is found in the groin area

brownish-red lesions in groin area, pruritus, skin excoriation

Tinea Pedis

fungal infection of the foot; athlete's foot

Verruca (vr·oo·kuh)

Irregular, rough skin lesions caused by HPV

Occurs on hands, fingers, or soles of feet (plantar warts)

AKA: warts

Pediculosis

infestation with lice

Scabies

Infestation of parasitic mites that tunnel under the skin and produce vesicles

Urticaria

AKA: Hives

Raised areas of redness and edema

Caused by local allergic reaction to food, plants, animals, bites, or drugs

Hemangioma (hee·man·jee·ow·muh)

Benign mass of superficial, dilated blood vessels present at birth

Most disappear by age 3

Angi/o-

blood or lymphatic vessel

Lipoma

Benign growth of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer

Lip/o-

Fat

Neoplasm

new growth on or in the skin

-plasm

formed substance; growth

Basal cell carcinoma

Begins in the basal layer of the epidermis

Most common, slow-growing, non metastatic

Metastatic

moves from site of origin to secondary site in body

squamous cell carcinoma

Begins in flat squamous cells of superficial layer of epidermis

Melanoma

The most serious form of skin cancer

Begins in the melanocytes in the epidermis

grows quickly and metastasizes to other parts of the body

ABCDE

Kaposi's sarcoma

skin cancer that begins in connective tissue or lymph nodes, common in AIDS patients

Tumors on skin are elevated, irregular and dark reddish-blue

Psoriasis

An autoimmune disorder that produces an excessive number of epidermal cells

Skin lesions are itchy, red, and covered in silvery scales and plaques

HEREDITARY

Acne

Sebaceous glands secrete excessive amounts of amounts of sebum

Excess sebum enlarges pores and turns black as the oil is exposed to the air and becomes a blackhead

Excess sebum blocks the pore and causes red raised plaque Draws white blood cells to area forming pus or whiteheads

Rosacea

Sebaceous glands secrete excessive amounts of sebum

Blotchy erythema and dilated superficial blood vessels

anhidrosis

Absence of sudoriferous glands and inability to sweat and tolerate heat

Diaphoresis

Excessive sweating point to underlying serious condition

patient is diaphoretic

Alopecia

Loss of hair

Autoimmune, side effect of chemo, can happen as we age

Hirsutism

Condition in women, results in excessive hair growth of dark or course hair

onychomycosis

Fungal infection of the nails

What is a culture and sensitivity used for?

To identify the bacteria casing infection and the sensitivity to specific antibiotic drugs

Wheal

small, round, raised area on the skin that may be accompanied by itching; usually seen in allergic reactions

Botox injections

Drug Botox is injected into the muscle to release deep wrinkle lines

Drug keeps the muscle from contracting and creating wrinkles

Last couple months depending on how fast u metabolize the drug

Collagen injections

Liquid containing collagen is injected into wrinkles or acne scars, plumps the skin

Biopsy

Removal all or part of a lesion or tumor for examination under microscope to obtain diagnosis

-opsy

Process of viewing

biopsy, excisional

Uses scalpel to remove denture skin lesion or tumor

Biopsy Incision

Uses scalar to make incision to remove a portion of the lesion or tumor

Biopsy punch

Uses circular metal cutter to remove a core of tissue from the skin lesion or tumor

Biopsy shave

Uses scalpel or derma blade to shave off superficial skin lesion in epidermis

Liposuction

Procedure to remove excessive adipose tissue

Cannula is inserted through small incision to remove fat

Mohs surgery

technique uses to treat skin cancer

Thin layers are removed and examined under microscope until only cancer free tissue remain

Mohsmicrographic surgery