Muscle intro & axial muscles

Where is smooth muscle found in the body?

In the walls of hollow organs and throughout the body, including blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, reproductive system, urinary system, and respiratory system

Where is skeletal muscle found?

Primarily attached to bones via tendons

Where is cardiac muscle found?

In the walls of the heart, specifically within the middle layer (myocardium)

Smooth muscle is…

Involuntary

Skeletal muacle is…

Voluntary

Cardiac muscle is…

Involuntary

Levator labii superioris

Elevates the upper lip and

Buccinator

Pulls the cheek inward and plays a crucial role in chewing. “Trumpeter" muscle

Depressor labii inferioris

Contributes to facial expressions like frowning, pouting, and is important for exposing the lower teeth during smiling.

Occipitofrontalis

Wrinkling the forehead, raising the eyebrows, the backward movement of the scalp, and draws the scalp anteriorly

Orbicularis oculi

Plays a role in creating expressions like squinting and frowning, as well as contributing to "crow's feet" wrinkles

Orbicularis oris

Closes the lips to narrow the oral opening

Platysma

Plays a role in facial expressions by contributing to lowering the corners depressing the lower lip the mouth, wrinkling the neck, and tensing the skin of the neck

Zygomaticus

Plays a crucial role in facial expressions, elevates the upper lip for smiling

The attachment site for the temporalis is

The temporal fossa and the temporal fascia, and its tendon inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible

The attachment site for the masseter is

The ramus of the mandible

Semispinalis Capitis Muscle movement

Extension, lateral rotation, and lateral flexion

Splenius capitis muscle movement

Neck extension and lateral neck rotation

Trapezius muscle movement

Side bending, rotation of the head, elevating and depressing the shoulders, and internally rotating the arm

Sternocleidomastoid muscle movement

Rotation of the head to the opposite side or obliquely rotate the head

The anterior belly of the digastric muscle

Originates from the digastric fossa on the mandible

The posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Originates from the mastoid notch of the temporal bone

Genohyoid

Mylohyoid

Sternohyoid

Omohyoid

Erector spinae

Llicocostalis

Longissimus

Spinalis

Semispinalis

Interspinales

Multifidus

Diaphragm

External Intercostals

Internal intercostals

Rectus abdominis

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Smooth muscle has…

Non striated contractions and are spindle shaped

Skeletal muscle has…

Excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity, thermal generation, and stations

Cardiac muscle has…

Contractilit, conductivity, excitability, automaticity, and intercalated disks

Digital extensor is an example of what muscle shape?

Unipennate

Rectus femoral is an example of what muscle shape?

Bipennate

Deltoid is an example of what muscle shape?

Multipennate

Abdominal muscles are an example of what muscle shape?

Parallel

Pectoralis is an example of what muscle shape?

Convergent

Orbicularis oris/ oculi is an example of what muscle shape?

Circular

Agonist

Rhe primary muscle responsible for initiating and controlling a specific movement at a joint by contracting

Antagonist

A muscle that opposes or reverses the action of another muscle

Synergists

Muscles that work together to produce a specific movement

Fixators

Muscles that help stabilize a joint or body part during movement

Aponeurosis

Flat sheets of connective tissue in your body that are similar to tendons

Contractility

The inherent ability of muscle, particularly cardiac muscle, to contract and generate force, independent of preload and afterload

Excitability

A cell's ability to respond to stimuli, particularly neurons, through rapid changes in membrane potential

Extensibility

The ability of a muscle or other tissue to be stretched or elongated without sustaining damage

Elasticity

A tissue's ability to return to its original shape and size after being stretched or deformed

The property of muscle that allows it to return to its original shape after contration is

Elasticity

A muscle that would hold a bone in place during a particular action is called a…

Fixator

What actions are produced by the muscles that attach to the mandible

Elevation, depression, adduction, and retraction

The facial nerve innervation (contracts muscle fiber) of…

Most facial muscles

The muscle that aids in chewing, but does not move the mandible is the…

Buccinator

What muscle doesn’t act on the vertebral column?

External intercostals

What muscles act on the vertebral column?

Interspinalis, longissimus, multifidus, and semispinalis

Depression of the ribs during forced exhalation is due to contrsction of the…

Internal intercostals

The___muscle, named for its two bellies, opens the mouth

Digastric

One of the distinguishing features of mammals is the ability to suckle. This action is due to contraction of the___muscle

Buccinators

When you bow your head, for example during prayer, it is due to contraction of the___muscle

Sternocleidomastoid

A circular muscle that controls the size of an opening or passage is a/an___

Sphintor

Rectus abdominis

Compresses abdomen and flexes vertebral column

Iliocostalis

Flexes laterally, extends and rotates vertebral column

Shaking the head consists of what muscles?

Sternocleidomastoid, semispinalis capitis, and splenius capitis

Whistling consists of what muscles?

Buccinator & orbicularis oris