Psychopathy

Psychopathology

The scientific study of psychological disorders themselves

The four D’s

Deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger

Anxiety disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of true danger: specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia

Generalized anxiety disorder

A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive action: 1. Anxiety 2. Compulsion 3. Relief 4. Obsession

Schizophrenia

A psychological disorder characterized by alterations in thoughts, perceptions, or consciousness, resulting in psychosis

Schizophrenia positive symptoms

Delusions and hallucinations

Schizophrenia negative symptoms

Catatonic behavior, lack of emotion, cognitive difficulties

Mood disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by prolonged and pervasive emotional disturbances

Depression

Disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities

Anhedonia

Diminished interest or pleasure in activities that usually provide pleasure

Rumination

Repetitively turning emotional difficulties over and over in the mind

Bipolar 1

Full manic episode severe mood swings and include depression

Bipolar 2

One hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode

Cluster A

Odd or eccentric behavior; includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders

Cluster B

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior; includes histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial personality disorders

Cluster C

Anxious or fearful behavior; includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders

Psychopath

Someone with antisocial personality disorder, who is also extremely uncaring and is willing to hurt others for personal gain

APD

A personality disorder in which people engage in socially undesirable behavior, are hedonistic and impulsive, and lack empathy

BPD

A personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and in impulse control

Psychotherapy

Therapist, aimed at changing maladaptive patterns of thought, emotion, or behavior

Biological therapies

Medical/biological approach, aimed at changing maladaptive neural or bodily functions

Psychodynamic therapy

Psychoanalysis, dream analysis, free association, examining childhood experiences

Behavior therapy

Social skills training, exposure therapy, learning adaptive behaviors via conditioning, modeling

Cognitive therapy

Cognitive restructuring, homework, pointing out irrational thoughts

Humanistic therapy

Unconditional positive regard, promote self acceptance, reflective listening

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electrical current is passed through the brain, originally used to treat schizophrenia

DBS and TMS

Non surgical and non invasive treatments that involve exciting or inhibiting neurons in the brain