AP WORLD unit 1 vocab, everything

AP world topic sheets, notes and vocab

what dynasty did the song dynasty replace

the tang dynasty, and ruled for over 3 centuries

under the song dynasty..

arts flourished and the country prospered

imperial bureaucracy

appointed officials to carry out the empires policies, existed since the qin dynasty

educational opportunities..

expanded to young men of lower economic classes

think song =

strong

bureaucracy

appointed, not voted. can be dangerous and strong.

what body of water allowed mass amounts of trade?

the grand canal

where were guns first made?

innovators in the song dynasty made the first guns and gunpowder

foot binding was..

a symbol of wealth and respect, deference to men

chinese were the first to …

use woodblock printing

buddhism spread to china from.. via..

India,silk roads

theravada buddhism

focused on personal and spiritual growth through silent meditation and self discipline, became strongest in southeast asia

mahayana buddhism

focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service, strongest in China/korea

tibetan buddhism

focused on chanting, became strongest in tibet (TIBETan)

japan was separated from China by sea instead of land, thus..

they could control their interactions with china

japan ___/____ Chinese traditions

copied/emulated

japan was a ___ society without a ____ government

feudal society, centralized

china had a ___ who saw large ___

emperor, bureaucracy

like Japan, korea also ___

emulated many aspects of Chinese politics and culture

korea adopted china’s..

writing system and Confucian and Buddhist beliefs

unlike china, Korea did not have a

merit based system for entering bureaucracy

vietnam adopted Chinese…

writing/agricultural styles/systems

vietnamese women enjoyed

greater independence in married lives

dar al Islam contributed to

astronomy, law, logic, medicine, mathematics, philosophy

sufism

the emphasis on truths that cannot be learned;mysticism

what played a major role in the spread of Islam?

sufism

merchants were..

viewed as more prestigious in Islamic societies than in Eurasian societies

muslims could not

enslave other Muslims

muslims imported slaves from

africa, kievan rus, and central Asia

china had a

strong centralized government

because of the prosperity under the song dynasty, china had an

increasing population

what was the civil service exam?

tests administered by the government to select qualified individuals (men) for bureaucratic positions, these tests were based on Confucian teachings and tested the knowledge of literature, history, philosophy and ethics

what did the civil service exam provide?

an opportunity for (usually) poor men to gain influence

confucian writings emphasized..

the importance of social hierarchies (ex; ruler/subject, husband/wife)

in the 1270’s, what did the mongols do?

conquer southern china, ending the song dynasty and establishing their own, known as the Yuan

the mongols kept a..

separation between mongols and the Chinese, although Chinese men did serve in the mongolian military

in the 1120’s, the song dynasty was the first to

begin issuing money, were the first government to print money

what was confucianism

an ancient chinese belief system based on the teachings of Confucius, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality

what was filial piety

a central virtue in Confucian thought that emphasizes love, respect and support for ones parents and ancestors

what was neo confucianism

the revival of Confucian teachings during the tang dynasty and song dynasty. mainly confucianism, but now had aspects of Buddhism and taoism. reached its height of cultural significance during the northern song dynasty

free peasant/artisanal labor

the work done by peasants, who were mostly farmers, produced food and raw materials; and artisans, who were skillful craft workers and produced manufactured goods like pottery, metalware, textiles, etc

why was champa rice important/significant

it was a quick maturing, drought resistant rice that allowed 2 harvests in a season, and it was important because it created a food surplus in China and doubled its population

what is islam

a monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century by the prophet Muhammad, based on the belief in one god (Allah) and the teachings of Muhammad as recorded in the quran, the holy book of Islam.

what is Christianity

a monotheistic religion that centers on the figure of jesus, who was born to jewish parents between 6 and 4 bce. they also believe that the forgiveness of sins and everlasting life is achievable only through belief in divinity, death and resurrection of Christ.

what is judaism

a monotheistic religion developed amongst the ancient Hebrews, characterized by a belief in one transcendent god who revealed himself to abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets

what is the Abbasid caliphate

an Arab dynasty that ruled over the Islamic world, replacing the umayyad caliphate in 750 ce. it was known for its advancements in arts, science and culture

what was the seljuk empire

a Turkish speaking people who originated in central Asia and established a vast empire in the 11th and 12th centuries. they were known for their military prowess and cultural achievements

who was the mamluk sultanate of egypt

a medieval Islamic state that emerged in the 13th century and lasted until the 16th, they were a slave-soldier caste that played a significant role in the governance and military of the Islamic world

who were the Delhi sultanate

islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the indian subcontinent for 320 years

what are sufis

the mystics of the Islamic faith who greatly contributed to the spread of Islam during the unit 1 period, they believed that everybody can develop a personal connection with Allah.

what was the house of wisdom in abbasid baghdad

a major Abbasid public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad or a large private library belonging to the Abbasid caliphs during the Islamic golden age

what is hinduism

a monotheistic (in some cases, polytheistic) religion that encompasses diverse beliefs like karma, reincarnation, and pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.

what is buddhism

a nontheistic (no god) religion or philosophy that encompasses a variety of traditions and spiritual practices largely based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha

what are decentralized monarchies

the system in which monarchs in Europe did not have absolute power

what is fuedalism

the system in which people exchanged land for services, and in which lords gave land to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty

what is fief

land

what was the manorial system

manor=big house, involved a manor house on a self-sufficient estate worked by peasants, serfs, and free laborers

what is serfdom

the status of serfs under the feudal/manorialism systems, basically a modified form of slavery/forced labor

what were the common people called in europe

serfs

what are the Egyptian mamluks

warrior slaves who later came into power to create their own dynasty, originally were captured and enslaved by Muslim sultans to work in their armies, and then in 1250 ce, the slave warriors overtook the sultanate in egypt, freed themselves and founded their own dynasty

what is the seljuk empire

a medieval Turkish empire based in central anatolia, they brought Turkic culture and Islam into anatolia, and later morphed into the ottoman empire

what is a caste

a social hierarchy system that divides people into distinct groups based on their birth, occupation, and social status in certain societies.

what are the pillars of islam

profession of faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting and pilgrimage to mecca

how does a member of the Chinese society become apart of the imperial bureaucracy?

those who pass the civil service exam at the highest level immediately became the most important people in china’s educated class immediately upon achieving that goal, and then went on to become members of the Chinese bureaucracy.

imperial bureaucracy

the government bureaucracy of an empire

how did religion spread during this time period?

trade, sufis (Islam), military conquests, slavery

how did dar al Islam contribute to the advancement of innovations (medicine, intellectual, literature, maths, etc)

islamic scholars created Arabic numerals, explored mathematics and also had an impact on legal and cultural practices. they also established efficient trade and travel systems

what is abbasid baghdad

the capital of Iraq, where the Abbasid caliphate was centered

where was the Aztec empire located

central mexico

where was the inca empire located

highlands of peru

empire located in what is today Cambodia; home of aghkor wat

khmer empire

caliphate where once fragmented, allowed other Muslim states to rise

abbasid empire

agricultural based

agrarian

crop that is drought resistant; quick maturing

champa rice

societal ranking system

hierarchy

belief system rooted in ethics, virtue, filial piety and harmony

confucianism

non muslim enslaved population purchased by arabs

egyptian mamluks

european revival after middle ages characterized by secularism and art

renaissance

dominant social system in medieval Europe

fuedalism

lack of central government

decentralization

respect for ones elders

filial piety

appointed official (not elected)

bureaucrat

religious wars between Christians and Muslims over the holy land

the crusades

blending of beliefs

syncretism

anything where islam is “house of Islam”

dar al islam

type of labor where workers are forced based on threats, pressure or intimidation

coercion

way of life where men/women devote their lives to a religion

monasticism