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AP world topic sheets, notes and vocab
what dynasty did the song dynasty replace
the tang dynasty, and ruled for over 3 centuries
under the song dynasty..
arts flourished and the country prospered
imperial bureaucracy
appointed officials to carry out the empires policies, existed since the qin dynasty
educational opportunities..
expanded to young men of lower economic classes
think song =
strong
bureaucracy
appointed, not voted. can be dangerous and strong.
what body of water allowed mass amounts of trade?
the grand canal
where were guns first made?
innovators in the song dynasty made the first guns and gunpowder
foot binding was..
a symbol of wealth and respect, deference to men
chinese were the first to …
use woodblock printing
buddhism spread to china from.. via..
India,silk roads
theravada buddhism
focused on personal and spiritual growth through silent meditation and self discipline, became strongest in southeast asia
mahayana buddhism
focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service, strongest in China/korea
tibetan buddhism
focused on chanting, became strongest in tibet (TIBETan)
japan was separated from China by sea instead of land, thus..
they could control their interactions with china
japan ___/____ Chinese traditions
copied/emulated
japan was a ___ society without a ____ government
feudal society, centralized
china had a ___ who saw large ___
emperor, bureaucracy
like Japan, korea also ___
emulated many aspects of Chinese politics and culture
korea adopted china’s..
writing system and Confucian and Buddhist beliefs
unlike china, Korea did not have a
merit based system for entering bureaucracy
vietnam adopted Chinese…
writing/agricultural styles/systems
vietnamese women enjoyed
greater independence in married lives
dar al Islam contributed to
astronomy, law, logic, medicine, mathematics, philosophy
sufism
the emphasis on truths that cannot be learned;mysticism
what played a major role in the spread of Islam?
sufism
merchants were..
viewed as more prestigious in Islamic societies than in Eurasian societies
muslims could not
enslave other Muslims
muslims imported slaves from
africa, kievan rus, and central Asia
china had a
strong centralized government
because of the prosperity under the song dynasty, china had an
increasing population
what was the civil service exam?
tests administered by the government to select qualified individuals (men) for bureaucratic positions, these tests were based on Confucian teachings and tested the knowledge of literature, history, philosophy and ethics
what did the civil service exam provide?
an opportunity for (usually) poor men to gain influence
confucian writings emphasized..
the importance of social hierarchies (ex; ruler/subject, husband/wife)
in the 1270’s, what did the mongols do?
conquer southern china, ending the song dynasty and establishing their own, known as the Yuan
the mongols kept a..
separation between mongols and the Chinese, although Chinese men did serve in the mongolian military
in the 1120’s, the song dynasty was the first to
begin issuing money, were the first government to print money
what was confucianism
an ancient chinese belief system based on the teachings of Confucius, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality
what was filial piety
a central virtue in Confucian thought that emphasizes love, respect and support for ones parents and ancestors
what was neo confucianism
the revival of Confucian teachings during the tang dynasty and song dynasty. mainly confucianism, but now had aspects of Buddhism and taoism. reached its height of cultural significance during the northern song dynasty
free peasant/artisanal labor
the work done by peasants, who were mostly farmers, produced food and raw materials; and artisans, who were skillful craft workers and produced manufactured goods like pottery, metalware, textiles, etc
why was champa rice important/significant
it was a quick maturing, drought resistant rice that allowed 2 harvests in a season, and it was important because it created a food surplus in China and doubled its population
what is islam
a monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century by the prophet Muhammad, based on the belief in one god (Allah) and the teachings of Muhammad as recorded in the quran, the holy book of Islam.
what is Christianity
a monotheistic religion that centers on the figure of jesus, who was born to jewish parents between 6 and 4 bce. they also believe that the forgiveness of sins and everlasting life is achievable only through belief in divinity, death and resurrection of Christ.
what is judaism
a monotheistic religion developed amongst the ancient Hebrews, characterized by a belief in one transcendent god who revealed himself to abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets
what is the Abbasid caliphate
an Arab dynasty that ruled over the Islamic world, replacing the umayyad caliphate in 750 ce. it was known for its advancements in arts, science and culture
what was the seljuk empire
a Turkish speaking people who originated in central Asia and established a vast empire in the 11th and 12th centuries. they were known for their military prowess and cultural achievements
who was the mamluk sultanate of egypt
a medieval Islamic state that emerged in the 13th century and lasted until the 16th, they were a slave-soldier caste that played a significant role in the governance and military of the Islamic world
who were the Delhi sultanate
islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the indian subcontinent for 320 years
what are sufis
the mystics of the Islamic faith who greatly contributed to the spread of Islam during the unit 1 period, they believed that everybody can develop a personal connection with Allah.
what was the house of wisdom in abbasid baghdad
a major Abbasid public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad or a large private library belonging to the Abbasid caliphs during the Islamic golden age
what is hinduism
a monotheistic (in some cases, polytheistic) religion that encompasses diverse beliefs like karma, reincarnation, and pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.
what is buddhism
a nontheistic (no god) religion or philosophy that encompasses a variety of traditions and spiritual practices largely based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha
what are decentralized monarchies
the system in which monarchs in Europe did not have absolute power
what is fuedalism
the system in which people exchanged land for services, and in which lords gave land to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty
what is fief
land
what was the manorial system
manor=big house, involved a manor house on a self-sufficient estate worked by peasants, serfs, and free laborers
what is serfdom
the status of serfs under the feudal/manorialism systems, basically a modified form of slavery/forced labor
what were the common people called in europe
serfs
what are the Egyptian mamluks
warrior slaves who later came into power to create their own dynasty, originally were captured and enslaved by Muslim sultans to work in their armies, and then in 1250 ce, the slave warriors overtook the sultanate in egypt, freed themselves and founded their own dynasty
what is the seljuk empire
a medieval Turkish empire based in central anatolia, they brought Turkic culture and Islam into anatolia, and later morphed into the ottoman empire
what is a caste
a social hierarchy system that divides people into distinct groups based on their birth, occupation, and social status in certain societies.
what are the pillars of islam
profession of faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting and pilgrimage to mecca
how does a member of the Chinese society become apart of the imperial bureaucracy?
those who pass the civil service exam at the highest level immediately became the most important people in china’s educated class immediately upon achieving that goal, and then went on to become members of the Chinese bureaucracy.
imperial bureaucracy
the government bureaucracy of an empire
how did religion spread during this time period?
trade, sufis (Islam), military conquests, slavery
how did dar al Islam contribute to the advancement of innovations (medicine, intellectual, literature, maths, etc)
islamic scholars created Arabic numerals, explored mathematics and also had an impact on legal and cultural practices. they also established efficient trade and travel systems
what is abbasid baghdad
the capital of Iraq, where the Abbasid caliphate was centered
where was the Aztec empire located
central mexico
where was the inca empire located
highlands of peru
empire located in what is today Cambodia; home of aghkor wat
khmer empire
caliphate where once fragmented, allowed other Muslim states to rise
abbasid empire
agricultural based
agrarian
crop that is drought resistant; quick maturing
champa rice
societal ranking system
hierarchy
belief system rooted in ethics, virtue, filial piety and harmony
confucianism
non muslim enslaved population purchased by arabs
egyptian mamluks
european revival after middle ages characterized by secularism and art
renaissance
dominant social system in medieval Europe
fuedalism
lack of central government
decentralization
respect for ones elders
filial piety
appointed official (not elected)
bureaucrat
religious wars between Christians and Muslims over the holy land
the crusades
blending of beliefs
syncretism
anything where islam is “house of Islam”
dar al islam
type of labor where workers are forced based on threats, pressure or intimidation
coercion
way of life where men/women devote their lives to a religion
monasticism
Note
Flashcard