I genuinely cannot do this

APAH notes starting at Global Prehistory ending at early Christian’s/ gothic

Apollo 11 Stones

Apollo 11 Stones

GP-paleolithic, Charcoal, stone painting

Apollo 11 Stones (content)

profile figure, composite figure, silhouette, art mobilier, horns and genital area emphasized

Apollo 11 Stones (context)

horns suggest power, genital emphasis suggest hope for animal abundance, South Africa-Nambia Cave, stone brought to remote cave where it was found; spiritual

Paleolithic era

hunter-gatherers, migratory people

Running Horned Woman

GP-Paleolithic pigment on rock mural

Running Horned Woman (content)

woman with rounded belly & breasts, profile figure, silhouette, body is active, scarification, arm and leg raffia bands, bucrania, possible composite figure

Running Horned Woman (context)

twisted perspective, Tassili n'Ajjer, remote cave, artist didn't live here, round head period, mother+celebration of childbirth, ensuring babies/mothers will be healthy or fertile; religious or sacred

Great Hall of the Bulls

GP-Paleolithic pigment on rockmural

Great Hall of the Bulls (content)

abstract animals, cattle, deer, horses, rhinos, bison, profile figures, twisted perspective, ground line, silhouettes and contour drawings

Great Hall of the Bulls (context)

caves of Lascaux, reindeer were eaten/used, but never painted, naturalism, shaman could've painted/been present when made, scaffolding used, in situ art; spiritual/ritual

Stonehenge

GP-Neolithic sandstone, bluestone post & lintel

Stonehenge (content)

henge, cromlech, post & lintel, carved bump at top of posts & groove on bottom of lintels, aubrey holes with remains found inside, heel stone marks solstice dates

Stonehenge (context)

England, marks solstice dates (essential for farming), possible temple to the sun, bluestone found 150 mi from site, sandstone found 15 mi from site, wooden structured community nearby, wood=life, stone=death; funerary, utilitarian, spiritual

Neolithic Era

end of ice age, stabilized life, people stayed in one place

Anthropomorphic Steele

GP-Neolithic sandstone relief sculpture

Anthropomorphic Steele (content)

abstract figure, anthropomorphic, eyes/nose/mouth/face all realistic, minimal/geometric detail, strap lines with awl, belt with double bladed dagger, relief sculpture (bas relief), subtractive sculpture

Anthropomorphic Steele (context)

Arabian peninsula at a stop along a busy trade route, birthplace of Islam, art like this was destroyed when Islam was born, grave marker; funerary

Bushel with ibex motifs

GP- Neolithic paint, terracotta modeling

Bushel with ibex motifs (content)

handmade, thin vase, geometric/abstract animal forms, elongated birds/dogs, large mountain goat horns, profile figures and silhouettes, stylized figure

Bushel with ibex motifs (context)

Susa, Iran, archeologist found these vases buried with the dead , possibly sympathetic magic

Tlatilco Female Figurine

GP- Neolithic clay, paint modeling, incising

Tlatilco Female Figurine (content)

abstract, hair is stylized/incised used barin, 1 head with 2 faces, short arms/legs, marrow waist, wide hips, sculpture in the round, detached from original material

Tlatilco Female Figurine (context)

Central mexico, human remains found under homes with these sculptures, close love ones van protect you and you protect them, duality of 2 faces, physical and spiritual world duality, most figures were female, females represent fertility; funerary, spiritual

Jade Cong

GP- Neolithic jade sand rubbing

Jade Cong (content)

round center, square corners/exterior, anthropomorphic facial designs on corners, facial designs made from line work, true jade/nephrite

Jade Cong (context)

Liangzhu Chinese culture known for stone tools, ceramic & jade works, found in large numbers in tombs with Bi discs, round interior symbolizes sky/heavens, square exterior symbolizes Earth, very hard to carve- needed skilled artist with time, sand rubbing (abrasion); funerary, spiritual

Camelid Sacrum

GP- Paleolithic sacrum bone subtractive/sculpture in the round

Camelid Sacrum (content)

head of canine, triangular shape suggests animal with muzzle/snout, made with human hands, art mobilier

Camelid Sacrum (context)

Tequixquiac, Mexico, sacrum bone was sacred because of close relation to reproduction/fertility, possibly used as mask by Shaman, or shaman artist/was there fro creation, dogs thought to escort humans to spiritual realm; ceremonial, spiritual

Ambum Stone

GP-Neolithic greywacke subtractive sculpture

Ambum Stone (content)

abstract, sculpture in the round, bas relief, eyes/ears/arms/legs/nostrils in bas relief, based on echidna, stylized snout

Ambum Stone (context)

Papua New Guinea, mortar & pestle use, greywacke (volcanic stone) difficult to work with, zoomorphic, animals thought to represent ancestors, covered in calcium deposits, Australians convinced PNG to sell it at low price, PNG wants it back; ritual, spiritual

Terracotta Fragment

GP-Neolithic terracotta incised

Terracotta Fragment (content)

pieces of bowl/vase used to serve/store food, geometric patterns, anthropomorphic face, abstract

Terracotta Fragment (context)

Solomon Islands, Lapita people not native to islands, majorly influence Solomon art with patterns/designs, Lapita people brought pottery skills/supplies, patterns simplify as they move East; spiritual, utilitarian

White Temple and its Ziggurat (ID)

era- ANE/Sumerian

audience- citizens/gods

patron- high priest

materials- mudbrick, white plaster

technique- ziggurat

White Temple and its Ziggurat (location)

Uruk, Iraq

White Temple and its Ziggurat (content)

sides face directions (NSEW), entrance facing East, represents beginnings; stairs do not lead directly to entrance; artist wanted mindset to change from earthly to spiritual; feel the power of god Anu and Uruk; painted with white plaster; evidence of rituals inside and statues; bent axis plan

White Temple and its Ziggurat (context)

dedicated to the sky god, Anu, offering of a temple would please gods so gods would protect them (selfish intentions), temple=center of city, tallest structure; axis mundi, only high priests allowed in the temple/cella; spiritual, ritual

Statuettes of Votive Figures (ID)

era- ANE/Sumerian

audience- gods

patron- citizens

materials- gypsum, bitumen, shell, black limestone

technique- subtractive sculpture, inlay

Statuettes of Votive Figures (location)

Temple of Eshnunna

Statuettes of Votive Figures (content)

abstract; stylized eyes (devotion to worship), hair (texture); sculpture in the round, incised clothing; cylindrical, minimally detailed body, detailed faces; hands clasped in prayer, faces tilted up; taller ones are more powerful; inlayed eyebrows and eyebrows

Statuettes of Votive Figures (context)

under the floors of the temple, paid for by individuals of the community; 1 sculpture=1 person; sculptures represent people since citizens couldn't go into temple; votive pieces; spiritual

Standard of Ur (ID)

era- ANE/Sumerian

audience- kings, gods, public

materials- wood, shell, red limestone, lapis lazuli

technique- inlay

Standard of Ur (location)

royal tombs at Ur, a village in Sumer city state

Standard of Ur (content)

narrative piece with registers; 2 sides= 2 narratives; 1 side= war; bottom register- sumerians (abstract, profile, twisted perspective) in chariots running over enemies, enemies nude= humiliation, horses multiple legs showing progression; middle register- sumerians all in same position and look same' top register- hierarchy of scale shows king being brought offerings as celebration

Standard of Ur (context)

was a standard, carried as a flag through public to celebrate ruler; materials in distant areas of world; lapis lapis lazuli= Afghanistan, shell= Persian Gulf, red limestone= India; power, funerary

The Code of Hammurabi (ID)

era- ANE/Babylonian

audience- public

patron- Hammurabi

material- basalt

technique- relief sculpture, incising

The Code of Hammurabi (location)

Babylonian city state

The Code of Hammurabi (content)

one main register, 2 men (ba relief) facing each other, Hammurabi and Shamash; Shamash (god) has bucrania headdress, sunrays/hovering feet=divinity, stylized beard, seated on throne with hierarchy of scale, twisted perspective; offering staff of power to Hammurabi; Hammurabi greeting god/taking staff; bottom 6ft of stone incised with laws of land in cuneiform; stele

The Code of Hammurabi (context)

Hammurabi is first in history to write down laws, about 300 laws, 68 deal with domestic issues, majority economic/business related; most were "laws of retaliation", punishment for crime determined by status of criminal and victim, innocent until proven guilty; basalt= hard to carve, unchangeable, wants laws to last; power, propaganda

Apadana of Darius and Xerxes (ID)

era- ANE/Achaemenid (Persian) empire

audience- public, rulers

patron- Darius and Xerxes

materials- limestone, paint

technique- hypostyle hall, relief sculpture

Apadana of Darius and Xerxes (location)

Persepolis, city of Persians

Apadana of Darius and Xerxes (content)

citadel; only 1 set of stairs leading up to Apadana, very deep which slows you down- forced to look at art from Darius; bas relief sculptures on platform, bring gifts to king, figures all the same showing unity, but clothing is different to show diversity of subjects; lion and bulls sculptures= power; reliefs painted for realism; animal capitals

Apadana of Darius and Xerxes (context)

people revolted when Darius became king, needed citadel for protection in mountainous location; Persian empire ruled 44% of world population at its height; Apadana built to house large gatherings and foreign dignitaries; Xerxes adds to treasury and own palace; Alexander the Great burns Persepolis down in 330 BCE; power

Lamassu (ID)

era- ANE/Neo-Assyrian

audience- public

patron- Sargon II

materials- alabaster

technique- high and bas relief

Lamassu (location)

citadel of Sargon II, city state of Assyria

Lamassu (content)

bucrania; Sargon II's face- stylized beard=wisdom; composite figure- man+bull+bird; bas relief to high relief; 5 legs- complete frontal and profile view, not meant to see all 5 at once

Lamassu (context)

guardian figures located at citadel walls, sometimes at doorways; protect civilization (rulers/power); power, gaurdian

Apollo 11 Stones

GP-paleolithic, Charcoal, stone painting

Apollo 11 Stones (content)

profile figure, composite figure, silhouette, art mobilier, horns and genital area emphasized

Apollo 11 Stones (context)

horns suggest power, genital emphasis suggest hope for animal abundance, South Africa-Nambia Cave, stone brought to remote cave where it was found; spiritual

Paleolithic era

hunter-gatherers, migratory people

Running Horned Woman

GP-Paleolithic pigment on rock mural

Running Horned Woman (content)

woman with rounded belly & breasts, profile figure, silhouette, body is active, scarification, arm and leg raffia bands, bucrania, possible composite figure

Running Horned Woman (context)

twisted perspective, Tassili n'Ajjer, remote cave, artist didn't live here, round head period, mother+celebration of childbirth, ensuring babies/mothers will be healthy or fertile; religious or sacred

Great Hall of the Bulls

GP-Paleolithic pigment on rock mural

Great Hall of the Bulls (content)

abstract animals, cattle, deer, horses, rhinos, bison, profile figures, twisted perspective, ground line, silhouettes and contour drawings

Great Hall of the Bulls (context)

caves of Lascaux, reindeer were eaten/used, but never painted, naturalism, shaman could've painted/been present when made, scaffolding used, in situ art; spiritual/ritual

Stonehenge

GP-Neolithic sandstone, bluestone post & lintel

Stonehenge (content)

henge, cromlech, post & lintel, carved bump at top of posts & groove on bottom of lintels, aubrey holes with remains found inside, heel stone marks solstice dates

Stonehenge (context)

England, marks solstice dates (essential for farming), possible temple to the sun, bluestone found 150 mi from site, sandstone found 15 mi from site, wooden structured community nearby, wood=life, stone=death; funerary, utilitarian, spiritual

Neolithic Era

end of ice age, stabilized life, people stayed in one place

Anthropomorphic Steele

GP-Neolithic sandstone relief sculpture

Anthropomorphic Steele (content)

abstract figure, anthropomorphic, eyes/nose/mouth/face all realistic, minimal/geometric detail, strap lines with awl, belt with double bladed dagger, relief sculpture (bas relief), subtractive sculpture

Anthropomorphic Steele (context)

Arabian peninsula at a stop along a busy trade route, birthplace of Islam, art like this was destroyed when Islam was born, grave marker; funerary