APEURO UNIT 5 Congress of Vienna and Post-Napoleonic Europe

conservatism

a political movement that embraced romanticism and monarchies that arose in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars; believed that Enlightenment ideas, such as the support of individual rights, had led to turmoil and misery; wanted to go back to simpler times

Congress of Vienna

post-Napoleonic Europe conference of Prussia, Hapsburg Empire, Russia, Britain, and France, focused on restoring the old order and fostering peace

Talleyrand

French diplomat who played a key role in the Congress of Vienna, representing France's interests and advocating for a balance of power in Europe.

Klemens von Metternich

Austrian statesman and diplomat who was a leading figure at the Congress of Vienna, advocating for conservative principles and the restoration of monarchical power in Europe.

Holy Alliance

An alliance formed in 1815 by Russia, Austria, and Prussia aimed at upholding Christian values and suppressing revolutionary movements in Europe.

French Socialists

those in France who were concerned that the focus on individualism that arose in the French Revolution undermined the importance of community and society

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that emphasized personal faith and social reform, promoting evangelical Christianity and a sense of community involvement.

Methodist

A denomination of Protestant Christianity that originated during the Second Great Awakening, emphasizing personal faith, social justice, and community involvement.

exoticism

a cultural fascination with the alluring aspects of foreign cultures, often idealizing them and incorporated into art and literature; becomes increasingly common in the early 19th century along with romanticism

Mary Shelley

an English novelist best known for her 1818 work "Frankenstein," which explores themes of creation, responsibility, and the consequences of playing God; romantic, in contrast to her mother’s (Mary Wollstonecraft) work

Ludwig von Beethoven

a German composer and pianist who was a crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western music, known for his innovative compositions and emotional depth.

Quadruple Alliance

a coalition formed in 1815 between Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain to maintain the balance of power in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon.

1815

the year when the Congress of Vienna began, leading to the restoration of monarchy and the reorganization of European borders after the Napoleonic Wars.

Age of Metternich

a period characterized by the conservative policies of Austrian diplomat Klemens von Metternich, focusing on stability and the suppression of revolutionary movements in Europe after the Congress of Vienna.

romanticism

an artistic and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 18th century, emphasizing emotion, individualism, and the glorification of nature, often as a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

a philosopher whose ideas on education, democracy, and individual freedom greatly influenced the French Revolution and the Romantic movement.

Grimm Brothers

German folklorists known for collecting and popularizing traditional folk tales, such as "Cinderella" and "Hansel and Gretel," which reflect the themes of romanticism and nationalism.

William Wordsworth

an English poet who was a central figure in the Romantic movement, known for his emphasis on nature, emotion, and the beauty of the natural world, particularly in works like "Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey."; focused on uplifting ordinary objects to divine contemplation

Wanderer Above a Sea of Fog

a famous painting by Caspar David Friedrich, emblematic of Romanticism, depicting a solitary figure overlooking a mist-covered landscape. It explores themes of nature, human emotion, and the sublime.

John Wesley

an English cleric and theologian who founded the Methodism movement, emphasizing personal faith, social justice, and community.

Conversion Experience

a transformative spiritual awakening often emphasized in Methodism, marking a deep personal commitment to faith.