LESSON 1_THE WORLD WIDE WEB AND THE INTERNET
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37 Terms
INTERNET
Interconnected network of computer networks, globally available.
TCP/IP
Standard set of protocols, with IP being Internet Protocol.
Communication protocol enabling interconnected networks, proposed by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn.
IP ADDRESS
Unique set of 4 numbers for every connected device (e.g., 192.25.13.90).
DOMAIN NAMES
Easier to remember addresses (e.g., www.amazon.com) that translate IP addresses.
INTERNET VS WWW
Not the same; www is just one of many Internet services.
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS (ISP)
Companies providing various Internet services.
MESSAGES
Travel via multiple routes for network reliability.
ARPAnet
The first network, connecting 4 computers by the end of 1969.
NFSnet
Another network created and connected with ARPAnet.
ORIGINAL USE
Limited to government, research, and educational purposes.
1989
Over 100,000 hosts on the Internet.
1991
Commercial use allowed.
1992
Over 1 million hosts connected.
2006
Over 439 million host computers.
2009
Over 1.5 billion users on the Internet.
INTRANET
Private network within an organization, shares resources among coworkers.
Intranet Security: Protected by a gateway or firewall.
EXTRANET
Semi-private network for sharing information with external partners (suppliers, vendors, customers).
Extranet Security: Utilizes digital certificates, encryption, and VPNs.
Can be used to exchange data, share information exclusively with business partners, and collaborate with other organizations.
1990
EVOLUTION OF THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Over 300,000 hosts on the Internet.
1991 (WWW)
NSFnet lifted the ban on commercial use.
CERN
Central European Research Network, birthplace of the World Wide Web.
TIM BERNERS-LEE
Created the World Wide Web in 1991, using HTTP and HTML.
Background: Oxford graduate, worked at CERN.
Developments:
Created ENQUIRE program.
Proposal for the World Wide Web in 1989.
First web server/browser at CERN in 1990.
First web server in the US at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (1991).
WWW became an open standard in 1990, leading to e-commerce.
1993
Mosaic, the first graphics-based web browser, became available.
MARC ANDREESSEN
Developed Mosaic at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).Popular browser created by a group of individuals.
NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR
Popular browser created by a group of individuals.
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language, used to format documents.
TAGS
Opening and closing tags, e.g., <h1> and </h1>.
HYPERLINKS
Clickable links to other documents.
BROWSER
Interprets HTML and sends requests to web servers.
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol, used to fetch HTML documents.
URL
Uniform Resource Locator, starts with http://.
URL Structure:
https://- Protocolen.- Subdomainwikipedia- Second-level domain.org- Top-level domain/wiki/Main_Page- Path
HTML4
Last of the traditional HTML versions.
XHTML
XML-based HTML with stricter rules.
HTML5
Latest version, new tags (e.g., <nav>, <section>), custom data attributes (data-*).
HTML DOCUMENT
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>Hello, world</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World</h1>
</body>
<html>
INTERNET STANDARDS AND ORGANIZATIONS
ISOC: Internet Society
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
IAB: Internet Architecture Board
ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
WAI: Web Accessibility Initiative
WEB ACCESSIBILITY
ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act
DOJ Ruling: ADA accessibility applies to internet resources.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization
Creative Commons: Provides copyright licenses.