Infection control

Infection

invasion and proliferation of microorganism in body tissue, has potential to affect nearly ever system

Hand hygiene

hand washing w/ antimicrobial or plain soap, alcohol based products (gel, foams, rinses). Inspect hands for breaks and cuts and apply dressing

when to preform hand hygiene

before and after caring for client, after touching anything in room, after touching anything, after gloves are removed, between client contacts, when indicated to avoid transfer, between task for same client to prevent cross contaminate from diff body sites

avoid artificial nails

may harbor microorganism, clean under nails with other fingernails or orange wood stick

washing hands

minimal jewelry does not have to be removed with each wash unless hands visibly soiled/ contaminated, fingernails trimmed less than 1/4 inch, stand away from sink, water wet both hands, 2

alcohol based antiseptic

dispense recommend amount (3

Personal Hygiene

alcohol based products are preferred

absence of visible soiled hands and when contamination of spore forming organism like c

gloves

clean or sterile

sterile gloves

sterile procedures, surgical aseptic techniques or object free of all antimicrobial

clean gloves

used to protect against contamination like blood and bodily fluid, hold glove at opening and put one hand in glove, use glove hand and grab other glove hold at opening and slip on. Remove glove hold hand at cuff and roll inside out place in palm of other hand and repeat

mask

place nose on nose mouth and chin, secure with ear loops and just fit, which respiration mask perform fit check by inhaling and exhaling if fit properly should collapse when inhaling and no leakage around face when exhaling, remove mask untie or remove elastic band and remove by avoiding contact with face

when mask needed

when in contact with airborne, droplet borne or contact with highly transmittable diseases

when to wear respirators

airborne precautions, when particulates and secretions have high risk of infections for health care workers ex) TB n95 filters 95% of 0.3um size particles

gown

over head, arms through sleeves, over shoulder, secure over waist, do not touch outside of gown since it is contaminated, roll gown away from you, change gown when soiled

eyesore and face shields

do not adjust or reposition once applied, first apply with ungloved hands adjust with ear pieces of head band, when removing remove with ear pieces and lift away from face avoid contact with anything when removing it. When removing face shield lift away from face

PPE

gloves, gown, mask, eyewear

higher chance of latex sensitivity or allergy

when allegoric to kiwi, papaya, avocados, bananas, potatoes, or tomatoes

common latex rxns

irritant contact dermatitis (dry itchy irritated), allergic contact dermatitis (exposure from chemicals in latex begins 24 to 48 hrs after contact), allergy (rxn usually begins within minutes, can be more serious skin redness, itching, hives, runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, scratchy throat, asthma, anaphylactic

standard precautions

blood, secretion, mucus mem., sweat excretion, non intact skin, hand hygiene, gloves gown mask face shield, respiratory hygiene, safe injection practice

transmission based precautions

isolation precautions based on people with highly transmissible pathogens, contact precautions, droplet precautions, airborne precaution,

contact precaution

direct is handling contaminated bodily fluid and indirect is transfer of infectious organism. PPE like gloves and gown, private room

droplet precaution

large droplets 3 to 6 feet in air, surgical mask when within 3 feet, hand hygiene,

airborne precaution

smaller droplets remain in air for longer periods of time, negative airflow HEPA filters N95

protective environment

transplants or gene therapy, environment reduces risk of infection, wear mask, no flowers, potted plants

dispose of blood, bodily fluid of suctioned fluids and excretions

flushing in sewage system or per agency protocol

linens

transport in leak resistant bag, avoid shaking or tossing

flu

survive 24 to 48hrs on steel and plastic at room temp and 8 to 12 hrs on cloth and tissues