Origin and Evolution of Nursing

These flashcards cover the history of nursing from antiquity through the modern era, including key pioneers, theories, and legislative milestones.

Intuitive Care

The instinctual and untaught care provided in ancient times by women using natural remedies and influenced by spiritual beliefs.

Hippocrates

Known as the "Father of Medicine," he shifted the focus of disease from mysticism to rational, natural causes.

Ancient Rome Military Infrastructure

The development of early military medicine and mobile medical tents to support injured soldiers in large armies.

The Dark Period of Nursing

A historical era following the Reformation where the closure of monasteries led to a decline in nursing prestige and staffing by untrained, low-income laywomen and prisoners.

Florence Nightingale

The founder of modern nursing who established the scientific foundation of nursing education and elevated the job to a respected profession.

Environmental Theory

A nursing theory highlighting that altering physical factors like fresh air, pure water, light, and cleanliness is key to natural healing.

Scutari Military Hospital Mortality Rate

Through sanitation reforms in the Crimean War, the death rate was reduced from over $40\%$ to roughly $2\% .$

Nightingale Training School

Established in $1860$ at St. Thomas' Hospital in London, marking the birth of formal, structured nursing education.

Notes on Nursing (1859)

The publication that served as the first nursing curriculum, detailing the path to natural healing through environmental factors.

Clara Barton

Widely known as the "Angel of the Battlefield" for her Civil War service, she founded the American Red Cross in $1881 .$

Dorothea Dix

The Superintendent of Army Nurses for the Union and a pioneer for reforms in mental health and prison populations.

Mary Eliza Mahoney

The first professionally licensed Black nurse in the United States and co-founder of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses.

Lillian Wald

A pioneer of "Public Health Nursing" who co-founded the Henry Street Settlement in $1893 .$

North Carolina Registration Act (1903)

The first legislation in the United States to pass a nurse registration act, setting a baseline for legal licensure.

Institutional Migration

The shift during the Great Depression where nurses moved from private duty in homes to hospital-based employment.

1938 New York Milestone

The first state legislation that established and defined a two-tiered professional nursing model of RNs and LPNs.

Lillian Kuster

The founder of the National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN) in $1949 .$

Virginia Henderson

A nursing scholar who defined the goal of nursing as helping individuals achieve independence.

Dorothea Orem

The developer of the Self-Care Deficit Theory, focusing on what a patient needs when self-care limits are reached.

Hildegard Peplau

The creator of the Interpersonal Relations Theory, which established the scientific foundation for psychiatric nursing.

Health Disparities

Unequal health outcomes related to social, economic, and environmental factors.

Health Equity

Providing what each specific person needs while recognizing individual circumstances to reach equal outcomes.