Evaluate The View That Measures To Promote Racial Equality In The US Have Been Effective.

Introduction

Racial equality = the principle that all individuals are treated fairly and equally under the law, regardless of their race or ethnicity

Paragraph Focus

• Para 1 = Elections and Representation

• Para 2 = Legislation

• Para 3 = Affirmative Action

Para 1 = Weaker Argument - Effective

• eg. 2008 Obama’s candidnacy played a pivotal role in inspiring substantial increases in African American voter participation

Para 1 = Stronger Argument - Not Effective

• eg. only a quarter of the 119th Congress identify as something other than non-hispanic white, in comparison to around 42% of the population

• this can be seen as failing to promote racial equality as the composition of congress does not reflect the electorate

• this results in a failure to represent minority voters in polci, as seen in the fact that Congress failed to pass the George Floyd Justic ein Policing ACt

Para 2 = Weaker Argument - Effective

BLM movement led to a renew focus of systemtic discrimination and lead to reforsm such as California’s Assembly Bill 392 on the use of police force

Para 2 = Stronger Argument - Not Effective

voting rights act 1965 which had been working effectively to combat discrimination in voting practises since its passage, was undermined in Shelby county vs holder 2013 which declared key provisions as unconstitutional

Para 3 = Weaker Argument - Effective

eg. Grutter vs Bollinger 2003 scotus uphold the university of michigan law school’s affirmative action policy, arguing that it contributed to the increased enrolment of minority students

Para 3 = Stronger Argument - Not Effective

SFA vs Harvard 2023 declared affirmative action in college admissions unconstitutional - 6-2 decision - political