Chapter 13: Electricity

Ohms Law

________: the current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance.

Atoms

________ contain particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Resistance

________: the tendency of a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical energy into thermal energy and light.

Metal Wire

In a(n) ________, or any material, electrons are in constant motion in all directions.

Electrons

________ are bound more tightly to some atoms and molecules.

Cell

A(n) ________ consists of two electrodes surrounded by a material called an electrolyte.

Battery

A(n) ________ can provide the voltage difference that is needed to keep current flowing in a circuit.

Electrical Conductors

________ have much less resistance than insulators.

Insulator

________: A material in which electrons are not able to move easily.

negative charges

Positive and ________ exert forces on each other.

Copper

________ is an excellent conductor and has low resistance to the flow of electrons.

parallel circuits

In ________, the current follows more than one path.

Chemical Reactions

________ in batteries produce a voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals.

Circuit

________: A closed path that electric current follows.

Plastic

The ________ coating around wires is an insulator.

parallel wiring

Houses, automobiles, and most electrical systems use ________ so individual parts can be turned off without affecting the entire circuit.

Protons

________ have positive electric charge and electrons have negative electric charge.

Series Circuit

A(n) ________ provides only one path for the current to follow.

Transfer of Electrons

Rubbing two materials together can result in a(n) ________.

Electric Resistance

The ________ of most materials usually increases as the temperature of the material increases.

Frictional Force

The ________ between two surfaces in contact is due to the attractive electric forces between the atoms on the two surfaces.

Presence of Electric Charges

The ________ can be detected by an electroscope.

Static Electricity

________: The accumulation of excess electric charge on an object.

Voltage Difference

________: related to the force that causes electric charges to flow.

Electric Current

________ is measured in amperes.

Flight of Stairs

The movement of an electron in an electric current is similar to a ball bouncing down a(n) ________.

Circuit Breaker

A(n) ________ contains a piece of metal that bends when the current in it is so large that it gets hot.

Wet - Cell Battery

A(n) ________ contains several wet cells connected together.

Earth

________ is a large, neutral object that is also a conductor of charge.

Voltage Difference

________ is measured in volts.

Series Circuits

________ are used in flashlights and some holiday lights.

Parallel Circuit

________: contain two or more branches for current to move through.

Cell

The ________ is called a dry ________ because the electrolyte is a moist paste, not a liquid solution.

Series Circuit

________: the current has only one loop to flow through.

Static Electricity

The accumulation of excess electric charge on an object

Law of Conservation of Charge

Charge can be transferred from object to object, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Conductor

A material in which electrons are able to move easily

Insulator

A material in which electrons are not able to move easily

Charging by Contact

The process of transferring charge by touching or rubbing

Charging by Induction

The rearrangement of electrons on a neutral object caused by a nearby charged object

Electric Current

The net movement of electric charges in a single direction

Circuit

A closed path that electric current follows

Resistance

the tendency of a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical energy into thermal energy and light

Ohms Law

the current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance

Parallel Circuit

contain two or more branches for current to move through

Electrical Power

The rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy