WHAP UNIT 8.3 Cold War Effects

German occupation

USA + UK + FRN wanted 1 state = West Zones + USSR wanted all of Berlin = East Zone + Berlin

• Berlin Blockade: USSR cuts electrical lines + railroads + roads to stop Western supplies into Berlin

• Berlin Airlift: Allies fly supplies into Berlin leads to the blockade being lifted

• Federal Republic of Germany: West splits into independent country

• German Democratic Republic: East splits into independent country

  • Berlin Wall: Wall that prevented or controlled Eastern Germans fleeing west by shooting civilians

New Alliances

Eastern Bloc → West feared communist domination

• North Atlantic Treaty Org. (NATO): Western nations against communism

  • BLG, CND, DNM, FRN, UK, ICE, ITL, LXB, NTL, NRW, PRT, USA

• Warsaw Pact: military alliance of Communist (Eastern) Bloc countries in response to NATO

  • BUL, CZE, east GRM, HNG, PLN, RMN

• South East Asian Treaty Org. (SEATO): Halt communism in SEA

  • AUL, FRN, UK, NWZ, PAK, PL, THL, USA

• Central Treaty Org. (CENTO): Halt Middle East communism

  • UK, IRN, IRQ, PAK, TRK

Domino Theory

Belief that if one communist country rises, communism will spread and eventually take over the world

Proxy War

Conflict where opposing powers support combatants in a third-party country, often to avoid direct confrontation

Africa

Angola: Independence from PRT → Civil & proxy war where 3 tribes want control & diamond mines → Ceasefire

• Mbundu Tribe: USSR & Cuba

• Ovimbundu Tribe: South Africa

• Bakongo Tribe: US

Asia

Vietnam War: US Presidents Eisenhower & Lyndon B Johnson train South against communist North under Ho Chi Minh

Korean War: USSR-occupied North invades West-occupied South ends in a stalemate & DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)

• UN/West: sends troops

• USSR: sends $ & weapons

• CHN: Afraid of invasion → sends troops to North

Latin America

- Contra War: Nicaraguan rebel Sandinistas overthrow Somoza family

• Contras: Conservatives backed by US attempt overthrow

• Demobilized: both armies

- Fidel Castro: Cuban communist president nationalizes foreign com. (Texaco, Esso, Sinclair, US sugar mills) → increased poverty → US breaks trade & diplomacy → USSR ally

• Bay of Pigs: US President JFK launches failed surprise invasion

• Cuban Missile Crisis: Nikita Khruschev (Stalin’s successor) ships nuclear missiles to Cuba b/c US Turkish bases → US-Cuban blockades → Cuban & Turkish missiles discharged

  • Hot Line: Direct communication b/w US & USSR

Anti-nuclear Weapons Movement

JPN & NYC protest nuclear testing

• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: Nuclear testing =/= above ground, water, space to cut down radiation

• Non-Proliferation Movement: Nuclear tech shall not move to non-nuclear countries