Cytogenetics and Cell Division

Vocabulary flashcards for key terms related to cytogenetics and cell division, covering mitosis, meiosis, chromosomes, and cell cycle phases.

Cytogenetics

The study of chromosomes.

Chromosome

Thread-like structure made of protein and a single molecule of DNA in the nucleus.

Mitosis

Cell division where two daughter cells receive the same amount of genetic material as their mother cell.

Diploid

When a cell carries two sets of chromosomes (2n).

Autosomes

Non-sex chromosomes.

Gametes

Sex cells (sperm and egg), containing one set of chromosomes.

Homolog

Member of a pair of chromosomes in a diploid organism.

Homology

Similarity due to ancestry.

Sister Chromatids

Two duplicated chromatids still joined together after DNA replication.

Chromosome Condensation

Process where replicated chromosomes condense in preparation for mitosis.

G1 Phase

The first gap phase where a cell becomes committed to divide and cell growth occurs.

S Phase

Phase where each chromosome is replicated to form sister chromatids.

G2 Phase

Phase where the cell synthesizes proteins for sorting and cell division, and some cell growth may occur.

Mitosis (Nuclear Division)

Division of the cell nucleus into two nuclei, ensuring each daughter cell receives the same amount of chromosomes.

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells.

Meiosis

Process where haploid cells are produced from a diploid cell.

Autosomes

The non-sex chromosomes.

Ist gap

The phase where the cell becomes committed to divide.

Meiosis

When cells become smaller.

chromosome

The thread-like structure in a nucleus.