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Church of Saint Foy romanesque
Conques, France
Romanesque pilgrimage church (spiritual tourism spot for the medieval traveller)
Visited these churches because it put the people closer to God
Barrel-vaulted nave with arches in the interior
Reliquary of Saint Foy romanesque
9th century AD; stone (architecture); stone and paint (tympanum); gold, silver, gemstones and enamel over wood (reliquary)
- brought wealth and attracted tourists to the church
- The girl who died a martyr (for believing in Christianity in a time during the Roman empire where only pagan gods should be worshipped)
She was 13-14 years old when she died and the reliquary holds her skull inside
Much more simplistic early on → got bedazzled later on
Bayeux Tapestry romanesque
From Bayeux Cathedral, in Bayeux France; ca. 1070-1080; embroidered wool on linen; 229ft
Not actually a tapestry but it is a woven, embroidered product (name is misleading)
This is needle-point work
This piece commemorates a struggle for the throne of England between William, the Duke of Normandy, and Harold, the Earle of Wessex
William invaded and successfully conquered England, becoming the first Norman King of England (also known as William the Conqueror)
This tapestry depicts 75 scenes with latin inscriptions leading up to the Norman conquest culminating in the Battle of Hasting in 1066
Chartres Cathedral
Chartres, France; started in 1134, rebuilt in beginning of 1194 bc of a fire
Two different styles of towers [the left tower (west facade) is late gothic style while the right spire (east facade) is from late romanesque/early gothic style]
Mary's tunic in which she birthed Christ is located inside of the church; it was one of the surviving relics during the fire
The people of Chartres saw this as a sign that they should build an even more elaborate church in her honor
This church, unlike that of Sainte Foy's has a rib vaulted nave while the latter has a barrel vaulted nave
Romanesque churches → groin vaulting
Gothic churches → ribbed vaulting
Has a round rose window that uses plate tracery (later will use bar tracery which is thinner, more delicate); this is very common of gothic architecture
Royal Portal
1145-1155; chartres, france
Called a "royal portal" because they depict kings and queens from the old testament
Mid 12th century (early gothic)
Jamb figures stand on the sides of the doors; look more realistic than Romanesque figures
These royals are the royal ancestors of Christ - figuratively and literally
Linear folds in garments and elongated proportions'
Have halos in sculpture form → symbolizes divinity
Angled inwards → invite you into the church
The center tympanum has many figures surrounding Christ
Tympanums are held up by lintels
Röttgen Pieta
1300-25; painted wood; Bonn, Germany
Pieta: a painting or sculpture of crucified Christ lying on the lap of a grieving Mary
Unlike other statues, Mary's face shows true suffering and anguish while other pieces like Michaelangelo's pieta statue tend to "romanticize" Mary's emotions (they tried to make her look beautifully sad)
This depicts Christ as both God and human which is what he was - allows for people to connect with him and feel closer to him because of the humanizing of religious themes and images
Christ is skinny and frail as he is emaciated, drained of all blood, all tissue, and all muscle
There is a stab wound on his side where the Romans, to make sure that he was dead, stabbed him and water flooded out instead of blood
There is detailing of the blood in grape-like drops which symbolizes the blood of Christ which is drunk during the eucharist
There are holes in his hands which shows where he was nailed up to the cross
Westminster Hall
London, England; 1097-1099 (ceiling made in 1390s); wood and stone
2 Different styles, 3 different time periods
Lancet windows (Gothic element added in the 20th century as a gift to Queen Elizabeth)
Built during the Romanesque period (made out of stone)
Hammerbeam ceiling (built during the gothic period)
Started under William II as the largest hall in England at the time
Hall was meant to be used for grand ceremonial occasions, feasts, funerals, and they it was later used as law court
Bare walls were probably decorated with tapestries
Dedication Page & Scenes from the Apocalypse
From Paris, France; 1226-1234; ink tempera, and gold leaf on vellum
Young Louis IX is on the top right and he is depicted as young because he doesn't have a beard
His mother is on the top left and her hand is raised which is a symbol of power
Louis holds a sceptor, wears a crown, has a fibula, and holds a medallion in his hand which are all suggestive that he will one day take the throne
At the bottom there are two monks that depict them working on this bible
(left) is an oler monk who is instructing to the younger scribe (right) how to work
Young one has a knife in his left hand and a stylus in his right and we can see him working on the 8 medallions on the page
Golden Haggadah
C. 1320; Northern Spain (likely Barcelona)
These pages depict the 10 plagues in clockwise order (starting top left) there are 10 total plagues
Painful boils, frogs invade the city, death of cattle, wild animals
Angel strikes a man, the queen mourns her baby's death (plague of the firstborn)
Last page is preparing for passover/their freedom
Have the unleavened bread (matzas) and they escape the Egyptians
4K Tour of Westminster Hall
Hall was meant to be used for grand ceremonial occasions, feasts, funerals, and they it was later used as law court
Bare walls were probably decorated with tapestries
In the houses of Harlem
It was built by William
The roof was built in 1295
Bettoles destroyed the oak
The window was put in for the queen, the gift of light
Nelson Mandela was there in 1996 when he addressed the parliament
The queen always addresses Parliament from stairs
T was built as a monastery and then became the supreme court
The trial of guy Fawsk was held there
Charles the First was charged there
Very plain, it made of Ayrton limestone
The banner exhibition, banners represent thing that happened in legislation over the years
State funerals were held there
The window wwere gigted to the quenn as a juiblee
hammerbeam
a type of roof in English Gothic architecture, in which timber braces curve from walls and meet high over the middle of the floor
lancet
In Gothic architecture, a tall narrow window ending in a pointed arch.
(Gothic element added in the 20th century as a gift to Queen Elizabeth
flying buttress
an arched stone support on the outside of buildings, which allows builders to construct higher walls
haggadah
the Jewish prayer book of passover
jamb
the side posts of a medieval portal
in gothic sculpture
rose window
huge circular windows, typically of stained glass, that is in one side of the church and is in the shape of a rose
Pietà
a painting or sculpture of crucified Christ lying on the lap of a grieving Mary
trumeau
In church architecture, the pillar or center post supporting the lintel in the middle of the doorway.
Moralized bible
"Bible moralisée"
One book, thousands of illustrations (pics for every few sentences)
Made in 13th century France and Spain
Paris was known for the production of books so many artists would go there to learn how to make books
rib vault
similar to a groin vault, just with pointed arches instead of round arches (gives the illusion of height)
What is the significance of the Bayeux Tapestry? What historical context is revealed inthis tapestry? Also discuss how the narrative is represented through stylistic figures,symbols, and text.
Depicts events leading up to and including the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, focusing on the Battle of Hastings.
Highlights the death of Edward the Confessor, Harold II's succession, and Harold's oath to William.
Symbolizes the shift from Anglo-Saxon to Norman rule, impacting governance, language, and society.
Stylistic Figures:Continuous action in figures (e.g., soldiers, ships, gestures).Dramatic scenes like Harold's death (arrow in the eye) convey chaos of battle.
Papal Banner signifies religious legitimacy for William's cause.Horses represent nobility and military strength.Tree of Life symbolizes spiritual order and the cycle of life.
Latin captions explain key events, locations, and characters.Text enhances narrative clarity, e.g., "Here Harold swears an oath to William."
Linear, continuous layout resembling a comic strip, guiding the viewer through events.Frames emphasize significant moments (e.g., William's coronation, Harold's death).
![<p>Chartres, France; started in 1134, rebuilt in beginning of 1194 bc of a fire</p><p>Two different styles of towers [the left tower (west facade) is late gothic style while the right spire (east facade) is from late romanesque/early gothic style]</p><p>Mary's tunic in which she birthed Christ is located inside of the church; it was one of the surviving relics during the fire</p><p>The people of Chartres saw this as a sign that they should build an even more elaborate church in her honor</p><p>This church, unlike that of Sainte Foy's has a rib vaulted nave while the latter has a barrel vaulted nave</p><p>Romanesque churches → groin vaulting</p><p>Gothic churches → ribbed vaulting</p><p>Has a round rose window that uses plate tracery (later will use bar tracery which is thinner, more delicate); this is very common of gothic architecture</p>](https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/cff4f32d-2da6-4b90-97bc-fbc00109e6fc.jpg)
