Afrikaans Stage 8 - Grammar & Vocabulary (Adjectives, Nouns, Punctuation, Tenses)

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering adjectives, nouns, punctuation, direct/indirect speech, adverbs, prepositions, sentences, synonyms/antonyms, homonyms/homophones, and tenses.

Byvoeglike Naamwoord (Adjective)

A word that describes a noun; can come before or after the noun and adds information about quality or color, size, etc.

Attributiewe Byvoeglike Naamwoord (Attributive Adjective)

An adjective that sits before the noun it describes (e.g., die mooi meisie).

Predikatiewe Byvoeglike Naamwoord (Predicative Adjective)

An adjective that comes after the verb and describes the noun (e.g., die bok is vlugvoetig).

Intensiewe Vorm (Intensive Form)

A single-word intensifier used to strengthen an adjective (e.g., stokblind, alombekend).

Stellende Trap (Positive/Positive Form)

The base form of an adjective; used when not making a comparison.

Vergrotende Trap (Comparative)

The form used to compare two things (often ending in -er or following specific spelling rules).

Oortreffende Trap (Superlative)

The form used to compare more than two things (often ending in -ste or following specific spelling rules).

Reël 1 – Verdubbeling (Doubling Rule)

If a word ends with a short vowel and a single consonant, double the consonant before adding -er (e.g., dik → dikker → dikste).

Reël 2 – Dubbel Vokaal Verlies (Double Vowel Rule)

If a word ends with a same double vowel and loses one vowel before adding -er (e.g., skoon → skoner; laat → later).

Reël 3 – -f na -w (F-ending)

If a word ends in -f, change f to -w and apply other rules (e.g., laf → lawwer; gaaf → gawer; dof → dofste).

Reël 4 – Einde met -r (Ending in -r)

Words ending in -r take -der for the comparative (e.g., lekker → lekkerder) and -ste for the superlative.

Reël 5 – Dubbelvokaal + -g

If a word ends with a double vowel and -g, remove the g and apply other rules (e.g., droog → droër → droogste).

Reël 6 – Kort Vokaal + -g

If a word ends with a short vowel and -g, add -ter (e.g., dig → digter → digste).

Reël 7 – -d eindig

If a word ends in -d, drop the -d and add -er (e.g., koud → kouer; breed → breër).

Reël 8 – -u eindig

If a word ends in -u, add -wer in the comparative and -uste in the superlative (e.g., slu → sluwer → sluuste).

Reël 9 – -e eindig

If a word ends in -e, use meer and mees for the different trappe (e.g., tevrede → meer tevrede → mees tevrede).

Reël 10 – -s eindig

If a word ends in -s, still add -ste in the oortreffende trap (e.g., los → losser → losste).

Eienaam (Proper Noun)

Names of people, places, or things that are capitalized (e.g., Monica Lwabo, Toyota).

Soortnaam (Common Noun)

General names for people, places, or things; has singular/plural and diminutives.

Versamelname (Collective Noun)

Names for a collection or group of a kind (e.g., ‘n trop ape, ‘n span atlete).

Abstrakte Selfstandige Naamwoord

Nouns for things you cannot see but can feel or name (e.g., liefde, gemoedsrus).

Stofnaam (Mass/Material Noun)

Names of substances or elements (e.g., goud, koper, silwer).

Direkte Rede (Direct Speech)

Quoting someone’s exact words with quotation marks; e.g., 'Kan ons help?'.

Indirekte Rede (Indirect Speech)

Reporting someone’s words without quoting; often uses dat/word and punctuation changes.

Transformasie – Directe na Indirekte Rede

Use dat or word after the introductory verb; adjust punctuation when converting.

Skryftekens (Punctuation Marks)

Marks that govern spelling and meaning: apostrophes, hyphens, accents, capitals, etc.

Koppelteken (Hyphen)

Hyphen links words or parts of words (eienaam + byvoeglike woord, plekname, etc.).

Kappie (Acute Accent)

Accent marks used to mark long vowels or loanwords (e.g., môre).

Deelteken (Diaeresis/Trema)

A diacritic marking syllable break for clarity of pronunciation (e.g., Geëet → ge-eet).

Gravisaksent (Grave Accent)

Acute/Gravis marks used on vowels; sometimes in loanwords or names.

Vraagteken (Question Mark)

Punctuation used at the end of a direct question.

Uitroepteken (Exclamation Mark)

Punctuation used to indicate strong emotion or command.

Aandagstreep (Dash/Em Dash)

A dash used to draw attention to what follows or to join in-las-sin (pause or emphasis).

Hak(p)ies (Parentheses)

Punctuation marks that enclose extra information or clarifications.

Bywoord (Adverb)

A word that describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb; answers how, when, where, or to what extent.

Bywoord van Wyse (Adverb of Manner)

Adverbs that describe how an action is performed (e.g., stadig, vinnig, hoog).

Bywoord van Tyd (Adverb of Time)

Adverbs answering when (e.g., gister, nou, vandag).

Bywoord van Plek (Adverb of Place)

Adverbs answering where (e.g., hier, daar, binne).

Bywoord van Graad (Degree Adverbs)

Adverbs indicating degree or intensity (e.g., baie, heeltemal, te, so).

Voornaamwoordelike Bywoord

A pronominal adverb that replaces a prepositional phrase (e.g., hiermee replaces met hierdie pen).

Voorsetsels (Prepositions)

Words that show position or relationship between elements (e.g., op, in, met, na, tussen).

Enkel‑ en Saamgestelde SINNE (Simple vs Compound Sentences)

A simple sentence has one clause; a compound sentence combines two clauses with a conjunction.

Sinonieme (Synonyms)

Words with similar or nearly the same meaning.

Antonieme (Antonyms)

Words with opposite meanings.

Homonieme vs Homofone

Homonime: same spelling with different meanings; Homofone: same sound but different spelling/meaning.

Tense – Teenwoordige, Verlede en Toekomende Tyd

Present, past, and future tenses; formed with verbs like het (had), ge- (past participle), sal/gaan (future).