Fallacy

Ad Hominem

Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself.

Hasty Generalization

Making a broad conclusion based on a small or unrepresentative sample.

Straw Man

Distorting or exaggerating an argument to make it easier to attack.

Red Herring

Introducing an irrelevant topic to divert attention from the original issue.

False Dilemma (Either/Or)

Presenting only two options when more exist.

Begging the Question

Using the conclusion of an argument as a premise without evidence.

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

Assuming causation because one event followed another.

No True Scotsman

Redefining terms to exclude counterexamples.

Slippery Slope

Arguing that one change will lead to extreme outcomes without justification.

Bandwagon

Using popularity as a reason to accept something as true or good.

Equivocation

Using a word in different senses in an argument.

False Analogy

Using an analogy that is too dissimilar to be effective.

Ad Populum

Using the popularity of a belief as evidence of its truth.

Appeal to False/Biased Authority

Citing a non-expert authority on a topic.

Moral Equivalence

Treating minor misdeeds as equivalent to major crimes.

Dogmatism

Assuming beliefs are beyond question.

Argument from Anecdote

Drawing a general conclusion from a single example.

Non Sequitur

Conclusion does not logically follow from the premises.

Oversimplification

Reducing complex issues to overly simple terms.

Argument from Ignorance

Using a lack of evidence for one view as proof of the opposite.

False Analogy

Using an ineffective analogy to prove or disprove an argument.

Appeal to Tradition

Assuming something is better because it's traditional.

Definist Fallacy

Using the definition of a word to prove an argument.

Stacking the Deck

Rejecting evidence that supports an opposing argument.