General Terminology (Cram 1/2)

Abnormalities that can be seen with the naked eye

Gross pathology

Changes that require the aid of a microscope to be observed

Microscopic pathology

An individual trained to study disease processes

Pathologist

A series or combination of signs resulting from a single cause

Syndrome

Description of abnormal functions, animals cannot have these

Symptoms

Manifestation of disease that can be determined by physical exam or observation

Clinical signs

Abnormality of the affected tissue

Lesion

Expected outcome of the disease

Prognosis

What are the five levels of prognosis?

1. Excellent

2. Good

3. Fair

4. Guarded

5. Grave

The study of the causes of disease

Etiology

Factors that are capable of causing disease or tissue damage

Etiological agents

What are the two categories of etiological agents?

1. Internal factors

2. External factors

What are the three internal factors?

1. Genetic

2. Immune system

3. Aging

What are the four external factors?

1. Physical

2. Infectious

3. Chemical

4. Environmental

Most disease are ______ (involving many factors/causative agents)

multifactorial

What are the three classifications of disease?

1. Congenital disease

2. Idiopathic disease

3. Acquired disease

Pneumonia, flea bite dermatitis, and corneal ulcers are all examples of which classification of disease?

Acquired disease

Cancer eye in white faced cattle is an example of which classification of disease?

Congenital disease

The cause of disease is not known, what classification of disease is this?

Idiopathic disease

What are the eight categories used to describe lesions?

1. Colour

2. Consistency

3. Distribution

4. Margins

5. Morphological diagnosis

6. Size

7. Shape

8. Surface

What shape is this lesion?

Botryoid

What shape is this lesion?

Circular

What shape is this lesion?

Irregular

What shape is this foreign body?

Oblong

What shape is this lesion?

Ovoid

What shape is this lesion?

Polypoid

What shape is this lesion?

Cyst (fluid filled polyp)

Lesion that is shaped like a kidney

Reniform

What shape is this lesion?

Spheroid

What shape is this lesion?

Wedge–shaped

What is the surface of this lesion?

Bulging

What is the surface of this lesion?

Cobblestoned

What is the surface of this lesion?

Crusting

What is the surface of this lesion? (Does not go through dermal layer like ulcer)

Erosion

Lesion that has a grainy surface

Granular

What is the surface of this lesion?

Pitted

What is the surface of this lesion?

Corrugated

What is the surface of this lesion?

Rough

What is the surface of this lesion?

Smooth

Lesion that has lines going in the same direction

Striated

What is the surface of this lesion?

Ulcerated

What is the surface of this lesion?

Umbilicated

What is the surface of this lesion?

Verrucous

What are the margins of this lesion?

Indistinct

What are the margins of this lesion?

Well–demarcated/distinct

Lesion with margins that go deep into tissue

Infiltrative

Lesion with nipple–like projection

Papillary

What are the margins of this lesion?

Pedunculated

What are the margins of this lesion?

Serpiginous

Lesion with margins that resemble the teeth of a knife

Serrated

What are the margins of this lesion?

Sessile

What are the margins of this lesion?

Villous