Chapter 7: Cell Growth and Development Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for cell growth and development.

Protein Synthesis

An anabolic process where cells make proteins using DNA; essential for growth, repair, and maintenance.

The Two Steps of Protein Synthesis

Transcription (DNA to RNA in nucleus) and Translation (RNA to Protein at ribosomes on RER)

Two Types of Cell Division

Mitosis (somatic cells, identical daughter cells), Meiosis (sex cells, genetic diversity).

Interphase

DNA replication and cytoplasmic growth in preparation for cell division.

Prophase

DNA duplicates, nuclear envelope dissolves.

Metaphase

Chromosomes align at center.

Anaphase

Chromatids pulled apart.

Telophase

Cell starts to divide into two.

Cytokinesis

Final division of cytoplasm, forming two identical daughter cells.

End Result of Meiosis

Four non-identical sex cells with 23 chromosomes each.

Importance of Meiosis

Prevents doubling of chromosomes in offspring.

Sickle Cell Anemia

RBCs become crescent-shaped, reducing oxygen delivery.

Cancer

Uncontrolled mitosis resulting in tumors.