Unit 1: History and approaches ( Names)

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9 Terms

1
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Wilhelm Wundt

     Role: "Father of Experimental Psychology"

  • Contribution: Established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Used introspection (looking inward) to try and identify the basic structures of the mind.

  • Associated With: Structuralism

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William James

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Sigmund Freud

  • Role: Famous and controversial figure who developed a comprehensive theory of personality.

  • Contribution: Emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and psychosexual stages. His therapeutic technique was psychoanalysis.

  • Associated With: Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Perspective

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John B. Watson

  • Role: The "Father of Behaviorism"

  • Contribution: Argued that psychology should be the scientific study of observable behavior. Famously conducted the "Little Albert" experiment to demonstrate that emotions could be conditioned.

  • Associated With: Behaviorism

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B.F. Skinner

  • Role: The most influential behaviorist.

  • Contribution: Emphasized the role of consequences (rewards and punishments) in shaping behavior through operant conditioning. He rejected the study of the "inner mind" as unscientific.

  • Associated With: Behaviorism

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Carl Rogers

  • Role: A central figure in humanistic psychology.

  • Contribution: Emphasized the importance of free will, self-actualization, and a positive, growth-oriented environment for therapy. Developed client-centered therapy.

  • Associated With: Humanistic Perspective (often paired with Abraham Maslow)

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Abraham Maslow

  • Role: A founder of humanistic psychology.

  • Contribution: Created the hierarchy of needs, a pyramid representing the path to self-actualization (achieving one's full potential).

  • Associated With: Humanistic Perspective

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Ivan Pavlov

  • Role: A Russian physiologist whose work inspired behaviorism.

  • Contribution: Discovered classical conditioning by accident while studying digestion in dogs. He showed how a neutral stimulus (a bell) could come to elicit a reflexive response (salivation) through association.

  • Associated With: Behaviorism

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Jean Piaget

  • Role: A pioneering developmental psychologist.

  • Contribution: His theory of cognitive development in children was a major force in shifting psychology's focus back to the study of mental processes (the mind), which helped launch the cognitive perspective.

  • Associated With: Cognitive Perspective