Unit3.6Social and Cognitive Learning Concepts

Social Learning (Observational Learning)

Learning occurs by watching others and observing the consequences of their behaviors, making it a form of vicarious learning.

Modeling (Bandura's Four Conditions)

New behaviors are acquired through observation when attention, retention, motivation, and the ability to reproduce the behavior are all present.

Reciprocal Determinism

Behavior is influenced by, and in turn influences, both the environment and personal factors.

Self-Efficacy

Belief in one's ability to succeed in a specific task influences persistence and effort.

Marshmallow Test

Demonstrates delay of gratification by presenting children with a choice between one small reward immediately or a larger one after waiting.

Delay of Gratification

Resisting immediate rewards in favor of long-term gains; linked to stronger self-control and better outcomes.

Social and Emotional Learning

Enhances the ability to understand and manage emotions, show empathy, and resolve conflicts constructively.

Insight Learning

A sudden realization of a problem's solution without trial and error, often described as an "aha!" moment.

Cognitive Map

A mental layout of an environment formed through experience, allowing navigation without direct cues.

Latent Learning

Learning that occurs without reinforcement and becomes visible when there's motivation to demonstrate it.

Vicarious Learning

Learning that occurs through watching the behaviors of others and the consequences they face, rather than through direct experience.

Attention (Modeling Condition 1)

The learner must actively focus on the model's behavior in order to learn it.

Retention (Modeling Condition 2)

The learner must remember the observed behavior to replicate it later.

Motivation (Modeling Condition 3)

The learner must be motivated or have a reason to reproduce the observed behavior.

Reproduction (Modeling Condition 4)

The learner must have the physical or mental ability to perform the behavior they observed.