Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Overview and Philippines History

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

Global WHO initiative launched in 1974 to ensure universal access to routinely recommended vaccines and reduce vaccine-preventable diseases.

World Health Organization (WHO)

UN agency that launched EPI in 1974 and provides guidelines and support for immunization.

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPDs)

Diseases that can be prevented through vaccination (e.g., measles, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, TB).

Universal Immunization Coverage (UIC)

Goal to achieve high vaccine coverage rates, typically >95% per antigen, to protect populations.

Universal Child Immunization (UCI)

1986 initiative aiming for 85% immunization coverage for all infants; campaigns intensified in barangays and GIDAs.

Fully Immunized Child (FIC)

A child aged 12 months or younger who has completed the basic vaccination schedule per DOH.

BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin)

TB vaccine given intradermally at birth; prevents TB and often leaves a small scar.

Hepatitis B birth dose

First dose of Hepatitis B given within 24 hours of birth to prevent mother-to-child transmission.

Pentavalent vaccine (DPT-HepB-Hib)