Quantum numbers and configuration

How is properly accounting for the electrons accomplished? 

Quantum numbers

What are atomic orbitals specified by? 

3 quantum numbers

What are these quantum numbers a part of? 

the solution to the Schrodinger equation

What are the 3 things quantum numbers are related to? 

size, shape, and orientation

What shape does l=0 take

sphere

What symbol is the principal quantum number? 

n

What number is the form can n take? 

positive integer 1,2,3..

What does n indicate/describe? 

relative size of the orbital (relative distance from the nucleus)

What does n property specify? 

energy level of the H atom

What is the ground state of an H atom? 

lowest energy level n=1

What do all other n when of H atom regions represent? 

higher energy levels

What symbol is angular momentum QN? 

l

What can integer values of l range from? 

0 to n-1

What limits the maximum value of l? 

the principal QN

For n=1, what can l be? 

0

For n=2, what can l be? 

0,1

What does l describe? 

shape of orbital (s,p,d,f)

What symbol is the magnetic quantum number? 

ml

What integer values can m of l range from? 

-l to 0 to +l

What does m of l describe? 

the 3-d orientation of orbital in the space around the nucleus

What is the equation to figure out the number of allowable ml  values? What does it give?

2l+1, it gives the total number of orbitals for a given l (ex. l=3 (2(3)+7= 7 total orbitals for l=3)

What are levels (shells) given by? 

n

What are levels divided into? Given by? 

sublevels (subshells), l

When l=0, subshell is? 

s

When l=1, subshell is? 

p

When l=2, subshell is? 

d

When l=3, subshell is? 

f

What does ml provide? 

orientation

What does each combination of n, l, ml , specify? 

size, shape and spatial orientation of 1 of an atom’s orbital’s

Find n and l for any orbital in the 2s sub-level. 

n=2 l=0

Find n, l, and ml  for any orbital in the 3p sub-level. 

n=3 l=1 ml=-1,0,1

True or False: Schrödinger equation provides solutions for atoms containing more than one electron. 

false

What does Schrödinger equation provide for? 

excellent approximations for these systems

What 3 things do many electron systems require? 

a 4th QN, a limit on the number of the electrons in an orbital, and splitting of energy levels into sublevels

What does n specify? 

size

What does l specify? 

shape

What does ml  specify? 

spacial orientation

What does the 4th QN describe? What kind of property is it? 

ms, electron spin, electron property

What are the 2 possible values of ms ? 

+1/2 or -1/2

Grab a piece of paper and draw the QN summary table. 

Define the Pauli Exclusion Principle. What does it limit? 

no two electrons in the same atom can posses the same four quantum numbers, limits orbital occupancy at two electrons

What does the Pauli Exclusion Principle place a limit on? 

orbital occupancy at two electrons

How does the first electron in He (2-electron atom) have the same quantum #'s as the lone H electron? What difference allows ms ? 

They have the same quantum numbers until the 4th where they have a different spin value

What are energy levels split into? 

sublevels of differing energy

Describe the relationship l and sub-level line energy? 

the lower the value of l for a sublevel, the lower the energy

What is the sub-level energy ordering? 

s<p<d<f<

What does ground state configuration represent? 

lowest energy

Grab a piece of paper and write the table of 3 rules that apply to orbital box diagrams. 

Practice drawing the diaganol rule diagram (orbital filling order). 

what shape does l=1 take

p, dumbell